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<title>Techdirt. Stories filed under &quot;obviousness&quot;</title>
<description>Easily digestible tech news...</description>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/</link>
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<image><title>Techdirt. Stories filed under &quot;obviousness&quot;</title><url>http://www.techdirt.com/images/td-88x31.gif</url><link>http://www.techdirt.com/</link></image>
<item>
<pubDate>Fri, 8 Feb 2013 12:43:29 PST</pubDate>
<title>Mark Cuban Agrees: Independent Invention Is A Sign Of Obviousness; And Should Kill Patents</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130131/12262721843/mark-cuban-agrees-independent-invention-is-sign-obviousness-should-kill-patents.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130131/12262721843/mark-cuban-agrees-independent-invention-is-sign-obviousness-should-kill-patents.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ For years, we've talked about the idea of an <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091123/0210287050.shtml">independent inventor defense</a> for those accused of patent infringement -- which, contrary to the claims of some patent attorneys, is <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121011/14171220681/yes-independent-invention-defense-patents-is-completely-feasible.shtml">totally feasible</a> -- and that idea has received some traction.  However, we've also argued that things should go even further, and that if there is evidence of multiple independent inventions of the same concepts that it is <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110819/14021115603/so-how-do-we-fix-patent-system.shtml">a sign of obviousness</a>, and all such patents should be rejected -- since patents are not allowed on inventions that are considered "obvious" to those who are "skilled in the art."  Unfortunately, we've seen less support for that specific idea -- but perhaps that's changing.
<br /><br />
Mark Cuban recently gave <a href="http://techcrunch.com/2013/01/31/mark-cubans-awesome-justification-for-endowing-a-chair-for-eliminating-stupid-patents/" target="_blank">an interview to TechCrunch</a> in which he discusses his rationale for giving EFF $250,000 to <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121219/17305721444/mark-cuban-funds-effs-new-mark-cuban-chair-to-eliminate-stupid-patents.shtml">create</a> the "Mark Cuban Chair to Eliminate Stupid Patents."  When asked about how he would fix the patent system, he names a few popular ideas, like getting rid of software patents, requiring that the invention be put into practice, but he also (repeatedly) talks up how independent invention should be a sign of obviousness.  A few snippets:
<blockquote><i>
I would also like to see a "cold room" exception. If you can show you invented the idea using completely independent thought, you don't violate the patent and the patent is invalidated.
<br /><br />
Remember back in the 80s when AMD/Intel and others would clone each other and it was permissible because they came up with the features and functions completely independently? The same should apply to patents. <b>If you didn't copy an idea, you came up with it on your own, then the idea should not have been patented in the first place. If multiple people come up with the same idea independently, that is the definition of obvious.</b>
<br /><br />
You should be given the right to your idea if you come up with it independently and any patents in place for that idea should be invalidated.
<br /><br />
[...]
<br /><br />
Independently derived ideas that are turned into products and can prove they are independently derived (Again, if multiple people come up with the same idea independent of each other, <b>that should be as definite as it is obvious, and obvious cannot be patented</b>), then it can not be patented, and all patents for those ideas are declared invalid.
</i></blockquote>
It's great to see that this idea may finally be getting some traction, as it could have a big impact on fixing many of the most significant problems with today's patent system.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130131/12262721843/mark-cuban-agrees-independent-invention-is-sign-obviousness-should-kill-patents.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130131/12262721843/mark-cuban-agrees-independent-invention-is-sign-obviousness-should-kill-patents.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130131/12262721843/mark-cuban-agrees-independent-invention-is-sign-obviousness-should-kill-patents.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>excellent</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20130131/12262721843</wfw:commentRss>
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<item>
<pubDate>Tue, 23 Oct 2012 12:39:13 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Oh Sure, Now The Patent Office Realizes Apple's 'Rubberbanding' Patent Is Both Obvious And Not New</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121023/11134820802/oh-sure-now-patent-office-realizes-apples-rubberbanding-patent-is-both-obvious-not-new.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121023/11134820802/oh-sure-now-patent-office-realizes-apples-rubberbanding-patent-is-both-obvious-not-new.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ We've expressed concerns in the past about the crappy job that the USPTO does in approving patents, when it's clear that, the majority of times that the USPTO is asked to go back and double check its work, it is forced to <a href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120816/01045920068/why-do-we-assume-patents-are-valid-when-patent-offices-own-numbers-show-they-get-things-wrong-all-time.shtml">admit it was wrong</a>.  This happens quite frequently in high profile patents used in lawsuits as well.  And while some judges are willing to wait for the USPTO to admit its errors, too often the courts just rush through, assuming that the patent must be perfectly valid.  Given all that, it's worth noting that the USPTO has now <a href="http://www.fosspatents.com/2012/10/patent-office-tentatively-invalidates.html" target="_blank">issued a non-final rejection of all claims</a> in Apple's infamously ridiculous "rubberbanding" patent, over the ability for a page to "bounce back" if you scroll to the edge.  The key claim in the patent was rejected for failing <i>both</i> standards for patentability.  That is, the court found it to be both <i>obvious</i> and <i>not new</i>.  Of course, if they had asked anyone who knew anything about programming, they could have told you that ages ago.
<br /><br />
It is important, of course, to note that this is a "non-final" rejection -- and even "final rejections" often are not really "final."  Apple can, and will, go back to the USPTO and plead its case, and it's not uncommon for "non-final" rejections to go back in the other direction eventually.  Of course, all that really does show is how arbitrary and silly the patent system is, in which we award many millions of dollars to patent holders based on the whims of a small group of patent examiners who can't keep their story straight.  Either way, this patent was one of the ones that the jury had ruled Samsung infringed upon, so the judge in the case may need to revisit that part of the ruling.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121023/11134820802/oh-sure-now-patent-office-realizes-apples-rubberbanding-patent-is-both-obvious-not-new.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121023/11134820802/oh-sure-now-patent-office-realizes-apples-rubberbanding-patent-is-both-obvious-not-new.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121023/11134820802/oh-sure-now-patent-office-realizes-apples-rubberbanding-patent-is-both-obvious-not-new.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>a-bit-late</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20121023/11134820802</wfw:commentRss>
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<item>
<pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 2012 05:20:06 PDT</pubDate>
<title>GoDaddy Receives Patent On 'Announcing A Domain Name Registration On A Social Website'</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120927/13123620533/godaddy-receives-patent-announcing-domain-name-registration-social-website.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120927/13123620533/godaddy-receives-patent-announcing-domain-name-registration-social-website.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Another day, another crazy patent.  DomainNameWire has the story that GoDaddy has successfully <a href="http://domainnamewire.com/2012/09/25/go-daddy-patents-announcing-a-domain-name-registration-on-a-social-website/" target="_blank">received a patent on "Announcing a domain name registration on a social website."</a>  The patent, <a href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&#038;Sect2=HITOFF&#038;d=PALL&#038;p=1&#038;u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm&#038;r=1&#038;f=G&#038;l=50&#038;s1=8,276,057.PN.&#038;OS=PN/8,276,057&#038;RS=PN/8,276,057" target="_blank">8,276,057</a>, was filed back in September of 2009.  Take a look at the claims for yourself to understand exactly what's being claimed, but reading through them, I'm at a complete loss as to how this is considered worthy of a patent.  It has been common practice that after you do something online that options be presented to allow that action to be posted to a social networking site.  It's done so often that I actually find it kind of annoying these days.  But basically <i>any</i> programmer could implement variations on that, and nothing in what GoDaddy describes appears to be anything unique or special or out of the ordinary.  Thankfully, with StackExchange's new <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120920/00170220441/stackexchange-google-team-up-with-uspto-to-help-crowdsource-prior-art-discovery.shtml">prior art crowdsourcing effort</a>, folks are already <a href="http://patents.stackexchange.com/questions/535/prior-art-for-godaddy-patent-announcing-a-domain-name-registration-on-a-social-w" target="_blank">finding prior art</a>.  Unfortunately, that effort is supposed to be for patent <i>applications</i>... and this patent has already been approved for reasons that defy any logic.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120927/13123620533/godaddy-receives-patent-announcing-domain-name-registration-social-website.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120927/13123620533/godaddy-receives-patent-announcing-domain-name-registration-social-website.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120927/13123620533/godaddy-receives-patent-announcing-domain-name-registration-social-website.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>no-joke</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20120927/13123620533</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Wed, 18 Jul 2012 19:29:11 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Patent Office Releases Rules To Let Third Parties Provide Documents To Help Reject Patent Applications</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120717/00232219721/patent-office-releases-rules-to-let-third-parties-provide-documents-to-help-reject-patent-applications.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120717/00232219721/patent-office-releases-rules-to-let-third-parties-provide-documents-to-help-reject-patent-applications.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ One of the big problems with the patent system is that it's not an <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/blog/innovation/articles/20120218/00481917799/how-patent-system-is-rigged-to-only-expand-whats-patentable.shtml">adversarial</a> process at all.  You only have advocates for why a patent <i>should</i> be granted.  No one is on the other side arguing why it shouldn't be.  The examiner is supposed to be neutral, but actually has some implicit incentives to find things more patentable than not.  For example, patent examiners are often reviewed on their productivity in getting through patent applications.  Considering the backlog of patents, this isn't a surprise.  But since there's no such thing as a true "final rejection" of a patent, the inventor and their lawyers can keep coming back, asking the patent office to try again.  But each time the examiner has to go back and review the same application all over again, that's time away from a new application, and thus hurts his or her "productivity."
<br /><br />
Making matters worse, once a patent is granted, it has to be presumed valid under the law.  Meaning that even though it has never actually been tested in an adversarial process, the courts simply assume it's a valid patent.  The fact that when patents do get re-examined, somewhere around <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080313/021643530.shtml">three quarters</a> of them have to be adjusted, with previously approved claims rejected, certainly calls into question just how "valid" those patents are.  One of the small changes in the patent reform bill that past last year, the America Invents Act (AIA), was that it will now be slightly easier to file documents with the Patent Office for a patent application under consideration, rather than waiting until after the patent is granted.
<br /><br />
This is definitely a step in the right direction, though, I do wonder how widely it will be used.  Part of the problem is that it's often not at all possible to tell what a patent actually impacts until after its granted and the holder sues or threatens to sue.  And no one can watch every application to see if they might have some useful prior art or evidence of obviousness.  Either way, the rules for such third party submissions go into effect September 16th, and the USPTO <a href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2012-16710.pdf" target="_blank">is releasing its official rules for how the process will work</a> (pdf and embedded below).  There <i>is</i> a fee involved -- $180 -- but it's exempted for your first submission on a particular patent application if that submission is less than three documents.  That may be a bit limiting, but it does suggest that individuals with clear prior art or proof of obviousness might at least be able to weigh in a bit to convince the examiner that an application is totally bogus.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120717/00232219721/patent-office-releases-rules-to-let-third-parties-provide-documents-to-help-reject-patent-applications.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120717/00232219721/patent-office-releases-rules-to-let-third-parties-provide-documents-to-help-reject-patent-applications.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120717/00232219721/patent-office-releases-rules-to-let-third-parties-provide-documents-to-help-reject-patent-applications.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>could-be-useful</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20120717/00232219721</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Thu, 9 Feb 2012 15:50:33 PST</pubDate>
<title>The Web Is Saved: East Texas Jury Says Eolas Patents Are Invalid</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120209/15395117718/web-is-saved-east-texas-jury-says-eolas-patents-are-invalid.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120209/15395117718/web-is-saved-east-texas-jury-says-eolas-patents-are-invalid.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Okay, that happened much faster than I expected.  Just a few hours ago, we wrote about Tim Berners-Lee telling an East Texas jury just how <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120209/05030017708/tim-berners-lee-court-to-try-to-prevent-patent-troll-eolas-patenting-key-web-concepts.shtml">insane</a> patent troll Eolas' patents were, along with their claims that all sorts of core web technologies were covered by their patents.  We thought it might take some time before anything really happened in that case, but the jury took just a short while before <a href="http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2012/02/interactive-web-patent/" target="_blank">completely invalidating Eolas' patents</a>.  Damn!  Apparently the jury recognized that when the inventor of the web talks about how obvious a technology was at the time, he <i>probably</i> knows what he's talking about.
<br /><br />
I wonder just how silly the long list of companies who "settled" with Eolas before the trial started feel right now.
<br /><br />
Of course, all of that settlement money means that Eolas still has a big bank account.  That means it'll appeal this ruling, and the case may still go on for a few years.  But it's going to have to clear a big hurdle, and in the meantime it won't be able to sue anyone else using these patents.  Score one for obviousness and a jury that recognized a patent troll trying to put up an innovation toll booth to try to demand loads of cash it didn't deserve.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120209/15395117718/web-is-saved-east-texas-jury-says-eolas-patents-are-invalid.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120209/15395117718/web-is-saved-east-texas-jury-says-eolas-patents-are-invalid.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120209/15395117718/web-is-saved-east-texas-jury-says-eolas-patents-are-invalid.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>that-was-fast!</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20120209/15395117718</wfw:commentRss>
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<item>
<pubDate>Thu, 9 Feb 2012 11:58:07 PST</pubDate>
<title>Tim Berners-Lee In Court To Try To Prevent Patent Troll Eolas From Patenting Key Web Concepts</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120209/05030017708/tim-berners-lee-court-to-try-to-prevent-patent-troll-eolas-patenting-key-web-concepts.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120209/05030017708/tim-berners-lee-court-to-try-to-prevent-patent-troll-eolas-patenting-key-web-concepts.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Remember Eolas?  We've written about this infamous patent troll <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/search.php?cx=partner-pub-4050006937094082%3Acx0qff-dnm1&#038;cof=FORID%3A9&#038;ie=ISO-8859-1&#038;q=eolas">many times</a>, mostly focusing on its big patent fight with Microsoft over the idea of browser plugins -- a case it eventually settled.  In 2009, however, Eolas came back and basically <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091006/1718536434.shtml">sued the web</a>, claiming that all sorts of very basic web technologies were, in fact, infringing on a brand new, ridiculously broad patent (built on the earlier patent), <a href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&#038;Sect2=HITOFF&#038;p=1&#038;u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&#038;r=1&#038;f=G&#038;l=50&#038;co1=AND&#038;d=PTXT&#038;s1=7,599,985.PN.&#038;OS=PN/7,599,985&#038;RS=PN/7,599,985" target="_blank">7,599,985</a>.
<br /><br />
However, that case has finally gone to trial, and Wired has sent Joe Mullin -- hands down <i>the</i> best reporter on all things concerning patents -- to cover the case.  His initial report is <a href="http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2012/02/patent-troll-trial/" target="_blank">worth reading</a>.  Unfortunately, he notes that many of the companies Eolas sued chose to settle, helping to fund Eolas' ability to take this to court.  Eight companies remain fighting.  Eolas is asking for $600 million from these companies -- including over $300 million from Google and Yahoo.
<br /><br />
As he had done <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20031029/0917233.shtml">nearly a decade ago</a>, web inventor Tim Berners-Lee was <a href="http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2012/02/tim-berners-lee-patent/" target="_blank">called to explain to the court</a> that Eolas' claims are ridiculous and the patents should be tossed out due to tremendous amounts of prior art.  Berners-Lee also pointed out that these patents "could be a serious threat to the future of the web."  He didn't mince words, noting that all of this stuff was widely known in the community of technologists working on these issues well before Eolas ever came along.
<br /><br />
Last summer there was tremendous attention paid to the problem of patents within the tech space, but much of that furor died down after the patent reform bill became law -- even though it addressed almost none of the actual complaints about how the patent system hinders innovation.  Once fall came, a lot of focus shifted back to copyright issues around SOPA.  But people should be <i>very, very</i> worried about the outcome of this case, because if it goes badly, it could lead to a massive tollbooth on internet innovation.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120209/05030017708/tim-berners-lee-court-to-try-to-prevent-patent-troll-eolas-patenting-key-web-concepts.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120209/05030017708/tim-berners-lee-court-to-try-to-prevent-patent-troll-eolas-patenting-key-web-concepts.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120209/05030017708/tim-berners-lee-court-to-try-to-prevent-patent-troll-eolas-patenting-key-web-concepts.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>not-this-again</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20120209/05030017708</wfw:commentRss>
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<item>
<pubDate>Wed, 21 Dec 2011 22:36:12 PST</pubDate>
<title>Apple May Get To Remove Obvious Features From Android</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111220/03214517139/apple-may-get-to-remove-obvious-features-android.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111220/03214517139/apple-may-get-to-remove-obvious-features-android.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ In one prong of the many-pronged attack that Apple has been making on Android, it's scored a victory at the International Trade Commission, where it's been determined that the idea of making a phone number in an email or on a web-page clickable to dial it is so special and wonderful that <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/technology/apple-wins-partial-victory-on-patent-claim-over-android-features.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all" target="_blank">only Apple could possibly come have up with it</a>.  It's rulings like this that make anyone with a modicum of technology smarts shake their heads and wonder why we let clearly non-technical people make decisions like this.  Patents are supposed to protect inventions that are non-obvious to those skilled in the space.  If you put a 100 groups of five engineers in rooms, asking them to design various smartphone features and interfaces around things like this, I'd bet 99 would come up with a similar feature.  It's just natural.
<br /><br />
In the meantime, Apple's statements about the ruling are equally ridiculous, given Apple's history of copying others (including Android):
<blockquote><i>
"We think competition is healthy, but competitors should create their own original technology, not steal ours."
</i></blockquote>
Copying an idea and building on it is not "stealing."  And if Apple had to build its devices without building on the ideas of others, it wouldn't have very much today.  This whole thing is a joke, and it's rulings like this that make engineers have even less respect for the patent system.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111220/03214517139/apple-may-get-to-remove-obvious-features-android.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111220/03214517139/apple-may-get-to-remove-obvious-features-android.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111220/03214517139/apple-may-get-to-remove-obvious-features-android.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>how-does-this-promote-the-progress</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20111220/03214517139</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Wed, 9 Nov 2011 12:03:00 PST</pubDate>
<title></title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111108/23201616688/viacom-exec-everyone-knows-rogue-site-when-they-see-one-except-he-doesnt.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111108/23201616688/viacom-exec-everyone-knows-rogue-site-when-they-see-one-except-he-doesnt.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ There's apparently a bit of a debate within the American Bar Association over its position on SOPA/PROTECT IP.  As you can imagine there are lawyers on all sides of the debate.  However, some folks involved in the copyright and trademark legislation committees put forth a motion for the group to "support" the proposed laws, leading to some pretty strong push-back from a lot of lawyers (including those who were involved in crafting the DMCA's safe harbors, who see the attempt by SOPA to undermine all of that work as pretty nefarious).  Some of those involved in the debates have been sharing some of the back and forth, and among the discussions is an absolutely stunning email from Michael Fricklas, the general counsel of Viacom, and the driving force behind that company's billion dollar lawsuit against YouTube.  Think of that as you read the following statement:
<blockquote><i>
 In the field, it's pretty easy to tell if you're using a domain that is dedicated to infringing material.  If you choose to speak there, I suppose your speech is at risk until you choose to move it elsewhere.  I don't think there is a first amendment right to speak on a site that is engaged in pervasive copyright infringement (assuming that there are plenty of places to speak).
</i></blockquote>
It's this single statement that, I think, encapsulates the key point of disagreement between those who support SOPA/PIPA and those who don't.  Those on the "stronger enforcement" side always seem to assume a "you know it when you see it" definition of "dedicated to infringement."  We hear this all the time when we talk about the possible unintended consequences of such laws or ICE's domain seizures or other attempts at greater, more draconian enforcement efforts.  One group insists that "it's obvious" what's infringing and what's not.  Sometimes they'll even point to a particular file, as if that "proves" that it's easy to tell what's infringing.
<br /><br />
But reality isn't so simple.  Let's take Fricklas and YouTube as an example, since he's so sure that "it's pretty easy to tell" when "you're using a domain that is dedicated to infringing material."  After all, according to Fricklas' own lawsuit, YouTube qualifies.  If SOPA were in place half a decade ago, Fricklas wouldn't have filed a lawsuit.  He would have just declared YouTube as "dedicated to theft of U.S. property" under the definitions in the bill ("enabling" and "facilitating" infringement? check!  did Youtube "avoid confirming a high probability of the use" of the site for infringement? perhaps. check!).  Then he'd send notices that would have effectively killed YouTube, forbidding advertising or payment processors to do business with the site.  While YouTube could counternotice, there's no requirement for ad providers or payment processors to ever take it back, and, in fact, the incentives are there for them to just avoid doing business with anyone accused.
<br /><br />
So, Viacom gets to kill YouTube, because in Fricklas' mind, it's "it's pretty easy to tell" that YouTube is "dedicated to infringing material." There's just one problem.  Back here, in reality, determining what is and what is not dedicated to infringing material is <i>not so easy</i>.  It's so confusing, in fact, that Fricklas and his team realized just before the case started, that some of the videos they were suing over, claiming they were infringing... <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091229/1920547542.shtml">were actually uploaded by Viacom</a> directly.  You see, it turns out that it's not so easy to tell.  And, perhaps, Fricklas believes that Viacom shouldn't have rights to free speech on platforms like YouTube, as he implies in his statement, but the law doesn't quite work that way.  And that's why Viacom was soundly trounced in its lawsuit against YouTube.
<br /><br />
The best legal ruling I've seen that does a wonderful job explaining this comes from an Australian court, rather than a US court.  In the iiNet case, the <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100204/0103238038.shtml">judge explained</a>:
<blockquote><i>
Regardless of the actual quality of the evidence gathering of DtecNet, <b>copyright infringement is not a straight 'yes' or 'no' question. The Court has had to examine a very significant quantity of technical and legal detail over dozens of pages in this judgment in order to determine whether iiNet users, and how often iiNet users, infringe copyright by use of the BitTorrent system. The respondent had no such guidance before these proceedings came to be heard</b>. The respondent apparently did not properly understand how the evidence of infringements underlying the AFACT Notices was gathered. The respondent was understandably reluctant to allege copyright infringement and terminate based on that allegation. However, the reasonableness of terminating subscribers on the basis of non-payment of fees does not dictate that warning and termination on the basis of AFACT Notices was equally reasonable. Unlike an allegation of copyright infringement, the respondent did not need a third party to provide evidence that its subscribers had not paid their fees before taking action to terminate an account for such reason.
</i></blockquote>
Copyright infringement is not a straight yes or no question.  It involves "a very significant quantity of technical and legal detail."  It's easy for people to declare that "it's obvious."  But the reality is that it's very rarely obvious.  That's why there are supposed to be full on adversarial hearings to determine this kind of thing so that, as in the iiNet trial, all sides can be heard, rather than imposing a sort of death penalty based solely upon a one-sided accusation.  Because, all too frequently, we discover that the "obvious" infringement in the accusation turns out to be anything but obvious.
<br /><br />
We've already seen it in the US numerous times with ICE's itchy trigger finger.  Remember how ICE seized a blog based on claims by the RIAA that it was "dedicated to infringement."  Unfortunately, the evidence showed that <i>every song</i> used as "proof" of such infringement, was <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20101222/02112912376/more-bigger-mistakes-discovered-homeland-securitys-domain-seizures.shtml">actually sent by authorized representatives</a> (and one came from an artist who had no connection to the RIAA at all -- not that it stopped the RIAA from declaring it infringing).
<br /><br />
What seems "obvious" is rarely as "obvious" as it seems.
<br /><br />
But it's this stunningly hubristic belief that it's "obvious" and that the nuances and details of copyright law aren't important, that drives folks like Fricklas to support laws with tremendous unintended consequences.  No one denies that there's no legal protection for infringement.  But, we want to make sure that when we stamp out infringement <i>that's all we're stamping out</i>.  Tragically, having folks like Fricklas telling us that "it's obvious" as to what's infringing and what's not and suggesting that we can trust them to always get it right is not particularly compelling, given their dreadful track record on the subject to date.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111108/23201616688/viacom-exec-everyone-knows-rogue-site-when-they-see-one-except-he-doesnt.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111108/23201616688/viacom-exec-everyone-knows-rogue-site-when-they-see-one-except-he-doesnt.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111108/23201616688/viacom-exec-everyone-knows-rogue-site-when-they-see-one-except-he-doesnt.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>are-they-serious?</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20111108/23201616688</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Wed, 8 Jun 2011 15:47:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Investors Speaking Up About Patents Harming Innovation</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110607/18502014596/investors-speaking-up-about-patents-harming-innovation.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110607/18502014596/investors-speaking-up-about-patents-harming-innovation.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ One of the key things that we hear from people who defend the patent system is that patents are necessary for raising money from venture capitalists, and that investors won't invest if you don't have a patent.  We've <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20060414/0120234.shtml">debunked</a> that claim plenty of times, showing some of the most respected investors around who are equally as fed up with the problems of the patent system as we are.  One of the most respected venture capitalists around these days is Fred Wilson.  I have a friend (who once worked for a Wilson-funded startup) who insisted that should he ever start a company, he'll go talk to Fred, and if Fred won't invest, he'll know something's wrong with the idea.  Over the past few years, Fred has been growing gradually more and more agitated by the problems the patent system causes, and has spoken out about it numerous times, with his latest words clearly showing his anger, as he <a href="http://www.avc.com/a_vc/2011/06/enough-is-enough.html" target="_blank">says "enough is enough"</a> when it comes to software patents specifically, mostly in response to the Lodsys lawsuits:
<blockquote><i>
The whole thing is nuts. I can't understand why our goverment allows this shit to go on. It's wrong and its bad for society to have this cancer growing inside our economy. Every time I get a meeting with a legislator or goverment employee working in and around the innovation sector, I bring up the patent system and in particular software patents. We need to change the laws. We need to eliminate software patents. This ridiculous Lodsys situation is the perfect example of why. We need to say "enough is enough."
</i></blockquote>
Fred isn't missing a chance to bring this up repeatedly, and he recently <a href="http://techcrunch.com/2011/06/07/investors-fred-wilson-chris-dixon-and-david-lee-on-software-patents-get-rid-of-them-video/" target="_blank">made the same point on a panel discussion</a> with two other very highly respected investors, David Lee and Chris Dixon, who agreed about the problems of the patent system (with slightly different takes on it than Fred):
<center>
<script src="http://player.ooyala.com/player.js?embedCode=A5MGdpMjo0G5CZALxcwo6x001ldpgJtd&#038;width=560&#038;deepLinkEmbedCode=A5MGdpMjo0G5CZALxcwo6x001ldpgJtd&#038;height=315&#038;video_pcode=11amo6qGw2oucN78pR-BYbDpCESk"></script>
</center>
The key part from Wilson, again:
<blockquote><i>
"The basic problem with patents is that you're trying to assign property rights to something that doesn't deserve property rights. The fact that these property rights end up in the hands of financial owners as opposed to the original inventors just exacerbates the problem. The basic problem is that Chris [Dixon] and a bunch of engineers can be sitting at Hunch designing some amazing new feature and somebody unbeknownst to them has a patent on this feature and never actually implemented it and can now screw them over&hellip; It&rsquo;s just not right, it shouldn&rsquo;t exist."
</i></blockquote>
Dixon points out a key part of the problem is that so many patents are clearly obvious to anyone skilled in the art.  He notes that any competent engineer could create what's found in the vast majority of software patents, and notes that the examiners simply aren't competent enough to recognize what's obvious.  Dixon, who is both an investor and a long-term entrepreneur, certainly knows these things.  What's amazing to me, honestly, is how few people in Silicon Valley actually think patents are a good idea any more.  The system has become so distorted that most of the people they're supposed to benefit the most don't want them, but feel compelled to get them due to the system.  What a massive amount of waste, leading to a mess that holds back innovation.
<br /><br />
Wilson makes one other statement that I thought was interesting.  He compared patenting software to patenting music, noting that neither makes sense.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110607/18502014596/investors-speaking-up-about-patents-harming-innovation.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110607/18502014596/investors-speaking-up-about-patents-harming-innovation.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110607/18502014596/investors-speaking-up-about-patents-harming-innovation.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>good-for-them</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20110607/18502014596</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Tue, 8 Mar 2011 12:32:21 PST</pubDate>
<title>FTC Puts Patent Trolls On Notice</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110308/01101513393/ftc-puts-patent-trolls-notice.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110308/01101513393/ftc-puts-patent-trolls-notice.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ While the Senate <a href="http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/senate/147937-senate-votes-to-close-debate-on-patent-reform-act" target="_blank">moves forward</a> on a patent reform bill that won't solve any of the significant problems with our patent system (and will make certain aspects worse) and the Patent Office itself has apparently decided to <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110118/02101312707/us-patent-office-grants-massively-more-patents-than-ever-before.shtml">throw in the towel</a> on improving patent quality, it looks like the FTC has finally realized that perhaps <i>it</i> needs to step up and try to fix at least part of our severely broken patent system.  <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/profile.php?u=paulalanlevy" target="_blank">Paul Alan Levy</a> points us to the news that the FTC has released a massive <a href="http://www.ftc.gov/os/2011/03/110307patentreport.pdf" target="_blank">300 page report</a> (pdf and embedded below) about the patent system, in which it clearly comes out <a href="http://legaltimes.typepad.com/blt/2011/03/ftc-takes-aim-at-patent-trolls.html" target="_blank">against the problem of patent trolls</a>, which it euphemistically refers to as "patent assertion entities."  The report chooses this term, rather than the more common "non-practicing entities" because it notes that <i>some</i> non-practicing entities can be good (i.e., universities), and the real problem tends to be with operations who are focused just on using patents to sue.
<br /><br />
The report notes that such trolls are a serious problem in the marketplace, as they appear focused on hindering innovation from companies that have actually innovated, rather than on "developing and transferring technology."  Even better, the FTC actually notes the key claim we've been making for years (and which almost everyone else in government has ignored), that the "invention" stage is only one part of the ongoing process of innovation:
<blockquote><i>
Increasing activity by patent assertion entities (PAEs) in the information technology (IT)
industry has amplified concerns about the effects of ex post patent transactions on innovation and
competition.  The business model of PAEs focuses on purchasing and asserting patents against
manufacturers already using the technology, rather than developing and transferring technology.  Some argue that PAEs encourage innovation by compensating inventors, but this argument
ignores the fact that invention is only the first step in a long process of innovation.  Even if PAEs
arguably encourage invention, they can deter innovation by raising costs and risks without
making a technological contribution
</i></blockquote>
The key point that the FTC makes is that one of the key problems here is that patents are (often on purpose) written to be quite vague, meaning that they totally fail to serve their purpose as giving notice for what they cover (and for actually teaching anything).  Part of the report appears to be heavily influenced by the research of Bessen and Meurer, which went into great detail on the notice problem with patents, and just how costly it has become to various industries.
<br /><br />
The key suggestion, then, from the FTC is for the US Patent Office to get rid of vague patents, by raising the bar on rejecting "indefinite" claims.  Currently, like so much of the USPTO, the bar used to determine if a patent claim is indefinite is quite low.  The FTC is hoping that the USPTO will raise the bar.  Along those lines, the FTC is urging patent examiners to make sure that what a patent <i>actually</i> covers is really much more explicit, including establishing a clear record in the proceedings while reviewing the patent to establish what it actually covers, rather than allowing vague and indefinite language through.  In fact, the report seems to suggest that the USPTO would be better off focusing on eliminating indefinite claims even more than judging nonobviousness.
<br /><br />
On top of that, the FTC asks the courts to be much more aggressive in limiting ridiculous damages awards for patent trolls, especially condemning the widespread use of questionable "expert witnesses" who come up with <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110105/16060712536/federal-appeals-court-finally-rejects-silly-rules-thumb-calculating-patent-damages.shtml">unrealistic "rules"</a> for how much a company should have to pay for infringing a patent.
<br /><br />
I was also happy to see that the FTC clearly spent time exploring the fact that so much patent infringement has absolutely nothing to do with anyone "copying" the inventions of someone else, but rather independent invention.  While it does not come down in favor of an independent invention defense <i>yet</i>, it does seem open to it, if some of the other recommendations in the report do not succeed in cutting down on the problems of the patent system.  Its main worry appears to be that changing the liability for "inadvertent" infringers would create a dramatically different patent system, for which there's not enough economic evidence to know what will happen.  Of course, we could point out in response that all of the changes put in place that massively increased the scope of the patent system were done with a similar lack of economic knowledge.  However, I am pleased to see that the report at least calls for more research to see how such changes might impact the market.
<br /><br />
On the whole, I definitely don't think the report goes far enough in its recommendations, but at this point, that's a pretty small quibble.  This is one of the few times that we've seen a government agency really research and acknowledge many of the key problems with the patent system, and then suggest real changes to fix those problems.  The FTC clearly spent a lot of time on this, and spoke with many of the top experts in the field, citing some fantastic research on the subject.
<br /><br />
Of course, the big question is will it matter?  There are lots of recommendations for improving the system -- with many directed at the PTO and the courts.  But what if they're totally ignored (as seems likely)?  Would the FTC take a stronger stand in going up against patent abusers?  That would be quite a step, and would generate plenty of attention, but given where the system stands today, it seems like it might be necessary.  Kudos to the FTC for actually pulling this report together, rather than going with the typical bland assertions about how patents automatically increase innovation and therefore more patents are, without question, better.

There's a lot more in the report, but on the whole, it really does seem to recognize the massive problems inherent in the patent system.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110308/01101513393/ftc-puts-patent-trolls-notice.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110308/01101513393/ftc-puts-patent-trolls-notice.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110308/01101513393/ftc-puts-patent-trolls-notice.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>crackdown-time...</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Mon, 8 Nov 2010 13:05:00 PST</pubDate>
<title>US Patent Office Makes It Harder To Reject Patents For Obviousness</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20101108/02464211754/us-patent-office-makes-it-harder-to-reject-patents-for-obviousness.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20101108/02464211754/us-patent-office-makes-it-harder-to-reject-patents-for-obviousness.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ The David Kappos-run USPTO seems to just get worse and worse.  Already this year, we had noted that the patent office, under his charge, had started approving patents at an <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100819/12015210689.shtml">unprecedented rate</a>, after a few years of corrections.  It's become quite obvious that Kappos is pushing to get more patents approved, rather than fixing the patent system or making sure that it works to actually help innovation.  I don't know why he's doing so, but it's quite troubling.  The latest indicator of this is the fact that the USPTO has <a href="http://news.swpat.org/2010/11/uspto-weakens-obviousness/" target="_blank">issued new guidelines on obviousness</a> that effectively <a href="http://www.ipeg.eu/blog/?p=1742" target="_blank">make it much harder for examiners to reject patent claims as obvious</a> (found via <a href="http://yro.slashdot.org/story/10/11/07/1248226/USPTO-Decides-To-Lower-Obviousness-Standards?from=twitter" target="_blank">Slashdot</a>).
<br><br>
For years, one of the biggest problems with the patent office was that it approved all kinds of obvious inventions as patentable.  Patents are only supposed to be given for things that are <i>both</i> new <i>and</i> non-obvious to those skilled in the art.  However, for the most part, examiners focused solely on the "new" part (as determined by prior art) and effectively ignored whether or not it was obvious to those skilled in the art.  Finally, in 2006, the Supreme Court agreed to look at the standards for "obviousness," leading to the Teleflex v. KSR ruling that basically said <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20070430/100114.shtml">the USPTO (and the courts) had to really start looking at obviousness</a> as separate from newness.  In response, the USPTO put out a set of guidelines, including seven "tests" for obviousness -- and many examiners seemed to make use of these tests, as more patents got rejected, with obviousness often being the reason.
<br><br>
Yet, these <a href="http://www.patentlyo.com/patent/2010/09/uspto-guidelines-for-determining-obviousness.html">new guidelines</a> simply delete four of the tests.  So, we're back down to just three tests for obviousness, which significantly limits the likelihood that examiners will reject patents as obvious.  The end result?  A lot more obvious ideas getting patented, followed by a lot more gridlock and needless lawsuits and transfer payments in the market -- and a huge tax on innovation.  What a shame.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20101108/02464211754/us-patent-office-makes-it-harder-to-reject-patents-for-obviousness.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20101108/02464211754/us-patent-office-makes-it-harder-to-reject-patents-for-obviousness.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20101108/02464211754/us-patent-office-makes-it-harder-to-reject-patents-for-obviousness.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>that's-not-good</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Thu, 23 Sep 2010 20:05:16 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Patent Office Says Another 'Worst Patent' Should Be Rejected As Obvious</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100923/02445411128/patent-office-says-another-worst-patent-should-be-rejected-as-obvious.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100923/02445411128/patent-office-says-another-worst-patent-should-be-rejected-as-obvious.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ The latest news in the ongoing effort by the EFF to <a href="http://w2.eff.org/patent/" target="_blank">invalidate</a> ten awful patents looks good, as the Patent Office has <a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2010/09/patent-office-agrees-eff-s-arguments-c2-voip" target="_blank">given an initial rejection of C2's VoIP patent</a>, claiming that it qualifies as "obvious."  The incredibly broad patent (<a href="http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=JcQIAAAAEBAJ&#038;dq=6,243,373" target="_blank">6,243,373</a>) basically covers all VoIP implementations.  Of course, this is just the "first office action," which rarely means very much, since the company still has the ability to come back and beg and plead for the USPTO to keep the patent alive (which happens often enough).  
<br /><br />
Still, it does make you wonder, since it certainly does seem like it was an abundantly obvious patent (yes, even back when it was filed -- someone should talk to Jeff Pulver for some prior art), why it's taken this long for the USPTO to begin to correct its error.  While we continue to applaud the EFF for working to get these patents busted, as we <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100824/02001910749.shtml">mentioned</a> recently, the real travesty is that it's been six years since the EFF began busting patents, and while there's progress on nearly all of the patents, it's an incredible slog -- and these are for the worst of the worst patents.  Invalidating bad patents is a ridiculously difficult process.  That's really bad, considering all the harm they can do in the meantime.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100923/02445411128/patent-office-says-another-worst-patent-should-be-rejected-as-obvious.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100923/02445411128/patent-office-says-another-worst-patent-should-be-rejected-as-obvious.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100923/02445411128/patent-office-says-another-worst-patent-should-be-rejected-as-obvious.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>now-they-tell-us</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Wed, 1 Sep 2010 10:59:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>How The Patent Office Outsourced Its Job To Non-Expert Jurors</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100830/13013910826.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100830/13013910826.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ I <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100830/12393510824.shtml">already wrote</a> about Larry Downes blog post suggesting that <a href="http://larrydownes.com/paul-allen-when-a-patent-troll-is-an-enigma/" target="_blank">Paul Allen's patent lawsuits</a> might actually be an attempt to expose problems with the patent system, but I wanted to discuss a different point Downes raised earlier in the post, in discussing the problems of the patent system.  Obviously, we've discussed many ways in which the patent system today fails to do what it's supposed to do, and a big part of the problem is the fact that the USPTO seems to <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100819/12015210689.shtml">approve a ton</a> of crappy patents.  This isn't because the examiners aren't trying hard, but just because the very nature of the system, and its inherent <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100322/1845488662.shtml">lack of scalability</a>, mean the incentives are always going to lead to approvals of bad patents.
<br /><br />
But what does this mean in practice?  Downes highlights the problem this causes in a very simple way: it's <b>the USPTO outsourcing the patent review process to unskilled juries</b>:
<blockquote><i>
The result has been the creation of a shadow patent examination process through litigation. The grant of a patent is no longer the final step, in other words. <b>The de facto examination really takes place when the holder tries to enforce the patent against an alleged infringer</b>, and the defendant claims invalidity of the patent as a defense. When such cases go to trial, which they rarely do, <b>a jury of laymen are then tasked with doing the work avoided by the patent examiner</b>.
<br /><br />
In effect, the patent office has outsourced its job to the judiciary and in particular to a jury of non-experts. If nothing else, that is a feature of the modern system that absolutely no one is happy with, or in any event that no one can justify.
</i></blockquote>
This is a pretty big problem when you think about it.  Already, there are concerns that the supposed patent examiner "experts" often don't have enough expertise to judge the non-obviousness of certain inventions.  To then shift the burden to inherently unskilled non-experts to make that decision, even with advocates for both sides fighting it out in front of them, seems to go against the very idea that patents are supposed to only be allowed if they are non-obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art.  Asking those not skilled in the art to make that judgment seems like a mistake.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100830/13013910826.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100830/13013910826.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100830/13013910826.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>this-is-sad</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20100830/13013910826</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Tue, 18 May 2010 16:23:46 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Appeals Court Finds Patent On Electronic Catalog Obvious... Tosses Out Multimillion Dollar Award Against Hyundai</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100518/0254389459.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100518/0254389459.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Well, well.  Two years ago, we wrote about a patent held by Erich Spangenberg, a notorious <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090629/1145455403.shtml">patent hoarder</a> who is involved in a ton of lawsuits against companies who actually make stuff, attacked with highly questionable patents.  The patent in question (<a href="http://www.google.com/patents?id=GmgeAAAAEBAJ" target="_blank">5,367,627</a>) basically described an electronic parts catalog, which Spangenberg used to <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080624/0125561485.shtml">sue tons of companies</a>.  The absolute ridiculousness of the patent even got <a href="http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2008/07/paper-catalog-computer-database-patent-um-no" target="_blank">the EFF's attention</a> after the USPTO agreed to re-examine that patent (though, a quick look through the USPTO's system doesn't seem to show anything actually happening with the re-exam -- unless I'm missing something... which is entirely possible).
<br /><br />
That said, one of Spangenberg's many lawsuits over this patent, done by a shell company called Orion IP or, later, Clear with Computers, was against Hyundai.  A jury sided with Spangenberg over Hyundai, and Hyundai appealed.  After all that effort, the Federal Circuit <a href="http://courtlistener.com/cafc/09-1130/" target="_blank">has dumped the original ruling</a>, noting that the "invention" (if you can call it that) was "anticipated" by earlier inventions.  But, honestly, if you want to get a deeper sense of just how messed up the patent system is, you should read the full ruling:
<center>
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</center>
<br /><br />
What gets me is the pure absurdity of the whole thing.  First of all, this is <i>an electronic catalog</i>.  The argument that this should be patentable never should have passed the laugh test.  But, it gets even more ridiculous.  When Hyundai points to an electronic parts catalog system that pre-dated this patent, the response from the patent holder was that this invention was different because not only was it a catalog but... it also <i>created a customer proposal</i>.  Well, knock me down and sign me up for a 17-year-monopoly.  I'm sure no one could have possibly come up with the idea for using an electronic catalog to create a customer proposal without such an incentive...  Thankfully, the court found that the important claims in the patent were anticipated by the other product, but just the fact that they had to go through this ridiculous process should raise serious questions about the patent system.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100518/0254389459.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100518/0254389459.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100518/0254389459.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>it-took-this-long?</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20100518/0254389459</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Mon, 5 Apr 2010 16:43:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Could You Save Software Patents With A Special Team Of 'Obviousness' Developers?</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100401/1527358837.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100401/1527358837.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ In the past when discussing different ways to potentially improve the patent system, I've pointed out that one of the key points in determining whether or not something is patent worthy is supposedly whether or not the invention would be "non-obvious" to a "person having ordinary skill in the art."  And, yet, at no point in the patent review process does the average examiner -- who quite often <i>does not</i> have ordinary skill in the art -- ever go out and ask those who do.  That always troubled me.  So, I thought one (of quite a few) useful improvements to the system would be to let patent examiners call on certain folks who work in various fields.  Now, this wouldn't be to have that person give a total thumbs up or thumbs down on the patent.  That would still be reserved for the examiner.  But, at least hear some knowledgeable people out on whether or not the idea is obvious.
<br><br>
<a href="http://blog.lawdeveloper.com" target="_blank">Stephen Burch</a> has sent over a blog post he did with possible ways to improve the quality and utility of software patents, which has a similar, but slightly different take, that could conceivably be more effective.  It would involve seeing if skilled programmers, given the general problem, <a href="http://blog.lawdeveloper.com/2010/04/01/software-and-patents-the-ideal-solution/" target="_blank">could explain a similar method of solving the problem</a>:
<blockquote><i>
The patent office should create a pool of programmers and keep a database of their related skills. When a software patent is submitted, the patent office searches the database for programmers with skills in those related areas, then selects three to five programmers to perform the blind study. The study would involve giving the selected programmers the problem that the patent seeks to solve and some amount of time (24-48 hours or varying based on complexity) to outline or pseudo-code a solution. If none of the selected programmers are able to determine the solution described in the patent, then the non-obvious prong of the patent would be met. This would prevent patents that do obvious things with new technologies from being granted. 
<br><br>
Take Apple for example. Apple creates some new technology, say a touch-screen smart phone, that is rightfully protected by patents. Then it goes on to patent the <a href="http://www.macrumors.com/2009/01/26/apple-awarded-iphone-and-multi-touch-patent/" target="_blank">software that interfaces</a> with this technology. The problem with these second patents is that they are obvious. Apple has basically patented doing something with a finger on a touch-screen that people have been doing for years with a mouse on standard computers. I don't believe that just because the technology is patentable, various ways of interfacing with that technology are de facto patentable. A proposed blind study approach, using programmers willing to work for free just to ensure the quality of software patents, would prevent such obvious patents from being granted.
</i></blockquote>
This might be worth an experiment, but I wonder how well it would work in practice.  It would seem like a big commitment on the part of participating software developers who (one assumes) already have jobs.  In some sense, it goes back to the problem of software patents simply <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100322/1845488662.shtml">not scaling</a>.  Still, it seemed like an idea worth tossing out there for discussion.
<br><br>
By the way, that post is actually the fourth in a series of posts that Stephen wrote on software patents.  The first three seemed more like background posts, but if you want to see them, there's <A href="http://blog.lawdeveloper.com/2010/03/25/software-and-patents-an-introduction/" target="_blank">an introductory post</a> followed by a post on the effect of <a href="http://blog.lawdeveloper.com/2010/03/26/software-and-patents-the-effect-on-innovation-part-1/" target="_blank">software patents on innovation</a> and <a href="http://blog.lawdeveloper.com/2010/03/30/software-and-patents-the-effect-on-innovation-part-2/" target="_blank">another post on that same subject</a>, all leading up to his suggestions for potentially saving some forms of software patents.  It's also worth noting that the suggestion above is not his only suggestion.  He also combines it with a shorter duration for software patents.  As I said, I'm not convinced it would work, but it's a different sort of idea that seemed worth discussing.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100401/1527358837.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100401/1527358837.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100401/1527358837.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>that's-one-idea</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Mon, 8 Feb 2010 11:55:00 PST</pubDate>
<title>The Economist Notices That The Patent System Is Hindering Innovation And Needs To Be Fixed</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100208/0041208073.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100208/0041208073.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ A whole bunch of you are sending in one of the first mainstream articles I've seen on patents that gets almost (but not quite) everything right.  The Economist has a wonderful piece that clearly explains <a href="http://www.economist.com/sciencetechnology/displaystory.cfm?story_id=15479680" target="_blank">why patents are hindering, rather than helping innovation</a>.  It notes the difference between innovation and invention -- and how patents quite often can hinder the former.  It discusses how patent thickets get in the way of innovation, and the focus on using patents to force through massive cross-licensing deals simply adds transaction costs and reduces efficiency in the market.  The solution to all of this put forth by the Economist is mostly the same thing we've been suggesting for years: bring back a real test for "obviousness" that gets rid of obvious patents -- though, it falls short in not suggesting an <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091123/0210287050.shtml">independent invention</a> test for obviousness.  The only other areas where I'd say the Economist article falls short is (1) simply assuming that patents do work in pharma and biotech -- when there's evidence that's not true, (2) assuming that a ruling in Bilski alone might clear up the obviousness issue and, finally, (3) its parting suggestion that programmers focus on copyright monopolies, rather than patents.  Still, it's about as good a piece on this subject as you might expect to see in such a mainstream publication.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100208/0041208073.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100208/0041208073.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100208/0041208073.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>wow</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20100208/0041208073</wfw:commentRss>
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<item>
<pubDate>Fri, 4 Dec 2009 06:35:26 PST</pubDate>
<title>Spamming Patent Tossed Out As Obvious</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091203/2256487192.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091203/2256487192.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ <a href="http://yro.slashdot.org/story/09/12/03/160208/Federal-Appeals-Court-Tosses-Spam-Patent?from=rss&#038;utm_source=feedburner&#038;utm_medium=feed&#038;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Slashdot%2Fslashdot+(Slashdot)" target="_blank">Slashdot</a> points us to the news that a patent (<a href="http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=eFsOAAAAEBAJ&#038;dq=6,631,400" target="_blank">6,631,400</a> -- which appears to be incorrectly titled "Statement regarding federally sponsored research or development.") on managing spamming efforts <a href="http://www.patentlyo.com/patent/2009/12/federal-circuit-affirms-summary-judgment-of-obviousness-for-bulk-email-patent.html?utm_source=feedburner&#038;utm_medium=email&#038;utm_campaign=Feed%3A PatentlyO (Patently-O%3A Patent Law Blog)" target="_blank">has been tossed out as obvious</a> by the federal circuit, following a similar ruling at the lower level.
<br /><br />
What's most interesting here is that while some of the steps were thrown out due to prior art, the final step was tossed out due to "common sense."  This is important.  For quite some time, the courts seemed to insist that obviousness could only be proven through prior art.  But something can be both obvious and new.  In fact, the patent law has been clear that patents are supposed to be for things that are <i>both</i> new <b>and</b> non-obvious to those skilled in the art, but the question of obviousness was rarely discussed, as everyone just focused on the "newness."  That's finally been changing, in large part due to the Supreme Court's <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20070430/100114.shtml">KSR ruling</a> that reminded people that obviousness is important, and that it's separate from newness.  Since then, both examiners and the courts seem willing to put a bit more common sense into determining obviousness, and that's absolutely a good thing.
<br /><br />
Of course, some of you might feel that having a patent on a spamming technique is a good thing, since it could be used to prevent others from spamming, but that didn't seem to be happening anyway, so let's just be happy that a bad patent has been rejected.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091203/2256487192.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091203/2256487192.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091203/2256487192.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>is-that-good-or-bad?</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20091203/2256487192</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Tue, 24 Nov 2009 10:28:00 PST</pubDate>
<title>Calling For An Independent Invention Defense In Patents</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091123/0210287050.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091123/0210287050.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ For quite some time we've wondered <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090212/1251553749.shtml">why there's no independent invention defense</a> to patent infringement.  It's hard to come up with any justifiable reason for not only barring those who come up with an idea on their own from making use of such an invention, but also for potentially making them liable for millions of dollars in damages for just making use of something they came up with on their own.  For years, I've been waiting to hear <i>any</i> justification for this -- either economic or moral -- and I've never heard anything that makes any sense at all.  Patent attorney Stephan Kinsella has now written up a post that <a href="http://www.stephankinsella.com/2009/11/21/common-misconceptions-about-plagiarism-and-patents-a-call-for-an-independent-inventor-defense/" target="_blank">also calls for an independent inventor defense</a>, noting how incredibly rare it is for a client to ever have actually been accused of <i>copying</i> an idea.  He notes that about the only reason most are against this idea is that they realize it would put a lot of patent lawyers out of work.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091123/0210287050.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091123/0210287050.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091123/0210287050.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>an-idea-who's-time-has-come</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20091123/0210287050</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 18:10:00 PST</pubDate>
<title>EFF Looks To Bust Bogus Podcasting Patent; Needs Prior Art</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091120/0235187020.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091120/0235187020.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Back in July, we wrote about how a company named Volomedia had gleefully announced that it had <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090729/1129435699.shtml">patented podcasting</a>.  The patent itself <a href="http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&#038;Sect2=HITOFF&#038;d=PALL&#038;p=1&#038;u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&#038;r=1&#038;f=G&#038;l=50&#038;s1=7568213.PN.&#038;OS=PN/7568213&#038;RS=PN/7568213" target="_blank">(7,568,213)</a> seemed ridiculously broad, obvious and covered by prior art.  On top of that, it was difficult to see how it passed the current (though, perhaps not for long) "Bilski" test for what can be patented.
<br /><br />
It looks like the EFF has decided to be proactive about this and is <a href="http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/11/eff-tackles-bogus-podcasting-patent-and-we-need-yo" target="_blank">looking for prior art with which to bust this particular patent</a>.  In the <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/article.php?sid=20090729/1129435699#c267">comments</a> on our original post about this, reader Marcel de Jong, noted that <a href="http://www.thetwowayweb.com/payloadsForRss" target="_blank">Dave Winer described audio enclosures for RSS</a> in a blog post in January of 2001 -- nearly <i>three years</i> before this patent was filed.  Hopefully that is rather compelling prior art, but if anyone has any more info, please send it over to the EFF.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091120/0235187020.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091120/0235187020.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091120/0235187020.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>help-'em-out</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20091120/0235187020</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Fri, 14 Aug 2009 18:38:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Just Because Something's New Doesn't Mean It's Not Obvious</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090814/0439545883.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090814/0439545883.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ I've been meaning to publish a series of posts on the problems with the current attempts at patent reform that I hope to get to soon, but the punchline to it is that the <i>real problem</i> with the patent system is that it does a terrible job evaluating "obviousness."  The various attempts at reform don't deal with this issue at all, and thus the problems will continue.  While things have become a <i>little</i> better due to the Supreme Court's Teleflex ruling, which changed the standard for "obviousness" on certain patents, it's still a major problem.  Patents are only supposed to be awarded on things that are new <b>and</b> non-obvious to those skilled in the art.  But, for years, the "non-obvious" part has basically been ignored in favor of the "new."  That's because all the Patent Office looks at is "prior art."  I've had discussions with people in the comments who insist this makes perfect sense (most of these people are lawyers).  The problem, though, is that just because something is <i>new</i> doesn't mean it's not <i>obvious</i>.  It could just be a natural progression or maybe it's just an implementation that someone finally got around to doing.
<br /><br />
However, <a href="http://timothyblee.com/?p=407" target="_new">Tim Lee</a> and Julian Sanchez got into a discussion about the recent <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090811/2330285852.shtml">injunction</a> against Microsoft Word over a blatantly obvious patent, and Julian did a great job <a href="http://www.juliansanchez.com/2009/08/12/patents-and-tacit-knowledge/" target="_new">explaining why obviousness and newness are different</a> <i>and</i> why explaining obviousness can be so difficult.  The argument is that since it's so difficult to explain obviousness, patent examiners just don't bother, and instead focus on the "newness" part:
<blockquote><i>
The problem is that if an applicant wants to appeal, the examiner, who may well be a programmer, has to defend his subjective judgment of what's "obvious" with some kind of explicit argument. And the result (says Tim) is that in practice the "non-obviousness" requirement has been largely conflated with a review of the "prior art" or previous related inventions. The upshot is that unless someone else has done almost exactly the same thing before, you've got a good shot at getting the patent. Maybe this is motivated by a version of the no-five-dollar-bills-on-the-sidewalk fallacy in economics: If nobody has done it before, it can't have been all that obvious. But, of course, in a rapidly evolving area of technology, someone's always going to be the first to do something obvious.
<br /><br />
I think the source of the problem in the patent system may be linked to a point Friedrich Hayek made long ago about our tendency to overrate the economic importance of theoretical knowledge and vastly underestimate the importance of tacit or practical knowledge. The non-obviousness requirement, tied to the standard of an observer skilled in the appropriate art, is supposed to make the patent system sensitive to this kind of knowledge. But if examiners have to defend their judgments of obviousness, they're essentially being required to translate their tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge--to turn an inarticulate knack into a formal set of rules or steps. And Hayek's point was that this is often going to be difficult, if not impossible. Just as a loose analogy, consider that in the Principia Mathematica, Bertrand Russell and A.N. Whitehead's attempt to provide a rigorous, formalized basis for ordinary arithmetic, it takes several hundred pages to strictly establish the proposition "1+1=2." It takes a fairly advanced mathematical education to understand the explicit elaboration of a practice (counting, adding) that we expect most children to master.
<br /><br />
If you ask me how I knew the way to go about writing the translation program in question, I'm not sure I could tell you--just as we sometimes find ourselves at a loss when we're asked to give explicit directions for a route we know by heart. Things that are "obvious" are often the hardest to explain or articulate explicitly, precisely because we're so accustomed to apprehending them by an unconscious (and possibly itself quite dizzyingly complicated) process. The very term "obvious" comes from the Latin obviam for "in the way"--that is, right in front of you, where you can't help but see it. Except the visual processing system we "use" automatically is vastly more sophisticated than what we're (thus far) capable of designing. If you had to describe explicitly the unconscious process by which you see what's right in front of you, it wouldn't seem "obvious" at all. The same, I expect, goes for the knack of knowing how to go about solving a particular problem in coding or engineering--with the result that the patent system systematically undervalues the tacit knowledge embedded in those skill sets until it's embedded in a piece of "prior art." So knowledge that's widespread but implicit and inarticulate is routinely mistaken for the kind of innovation it's necessary to incentivize with a monopoly grant. In effect, the hidden value of dispersed tacit knowledge is redistributed to the first person to render it explicit.
</i></blockquote>
That's about the best description of why prior art is <i>not</i> the best test for obviousness that I've ever seen.  Brilliant.  But, if that's the case, how <i>could</i> you test obviousness?  I've always believed that the test is actually laid out directly in the law itself.  If it's supposed to be whether or not the invention is non-obvious to those skilled in the art, you should <i>ask those skilled in the art</i>.  You could still have an examiner who would be in charge of weighing what those people say, but if they all explain how or why something appears to be obvious to them, that should be a pretty big clue that there's a problem.  The idea that this would lead to people lying about something being obvious (or believing it's obvious in retrospect) has mostly been <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20070116/151246.shtml">debunked</a>.  It turns out that people aren't quite as dishonest as some patent attorneys believe.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090814/0439545883.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090814/0439545883.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090814/0439545883.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>bingo</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20090814/0439545883</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Wed, 29 Jul 2009 12:06:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Company Claims Patent On Pretty Much All Podcasting</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090729/1129435699.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090729/1129435699.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ VoloMedia, an online ad tools company, is gleefully <a href="http://eon.businesswire.com/portal/site/eon/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&#038;newsId=20090729005417&#038;newsLang=en" target="_new">declaring that it has been awarded a patent on podcasting</a>.  The specific patent, <a href="http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&#038;Sect2=HITOFF&#038;d=PALL&#038;p=1&#038;u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&#038;r=1&#038;f=G&#038;l=50&#038;s1=7568213.PN.&#038;OS=PN/7568213&#038;RS=PN/7568213" target="_new">7,568,213</a>, is for a "Method for providing episodic media content."  Not surprisingly, it's a continuation patent (sometimes referred to as a submarine patent) where the claims are changed over time to keep current with what's happening in the market.  The patent itself is short, with the main claim being:
<blockquote><i>
A method for providing episodic media, the method comprising: providing a user with access to a channel dedicated to episodic media, wherein the episodic media provided over the channel is pre-defined into one or more episodes by a remote publisher of the episodic media; receiving a subscription request to the channel dedicated to the episodic media from the user; automatically downloading updated episodic media associated with the channel dedicated to the episodic media to a computing device associated with the user in accordance with the subscription request upon availability of the updated episodic media, the automatic download occurring without further user interaction; and providing the user with: an indication of a maximum available channel depth, the channel depth indicating a size of episodic media yet to be downloaded from the channel and size of episodic media already downloaded from the channel, the channel depth being specified in playtime or storage resources, and the ability to modify the channel depth by deleting selected episodic media content, thereby overriding the previously configured channel depth.
</i></blockquote>
I have a lot of trouble understanding how this is possibly patentable.  I would think that Dave Winer's work on enclosures for audio content in RSS would be seen as significant prior art.  Beyond just the prior art, you have to wonder how this passes the "bilski" test (what was transformed here?) or the KSR/Teleflex test on obviousness (this is simply combining things that were already out there).  Still, expect plenty of trouble here.  Considering that Volo wasted no time at all in rushing out a press release, expect them to be aggressive with this patent -- without realizing that it may be unleashing significant anger from the podcasting community that it probably doesn't want.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090729/1129435699.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090729/1129435699.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090729/1129435699.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>this-ought-to-be-fun</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20090729/1129435699</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2009 07:11:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Peer-To-Patent Quietly Shuts Down</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090709/1907055504.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090709/1907055504.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ While I'm certainly a big fan of involving more people in the process of reviewing patents, I've been a <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080916/0249512282.shtml">huge skeptic</a> of the "Peer-to-Patent" program that the USPTO tested over the past few years.  As I noted earlier, there's very little incentive for most people to actually get involved in peer reviewing a patent that early on.  It's only much later when the patent actually becomes an issue (i.e., someone is asserting it somehow) that it really becomes an issue (especially when they're claiming it covers something that appears to be totally unrelated).  However, there were many who promoted peer-to-patent as some sort of savior of the patent system.
<br /><br />
And yet... <a href="http://cairns.typepad.com/peertopatent/2009/06/second-year-of-peertopatent-pilot-ending.html" target="_new">the entire program apparently shut down last month</a> and almost no one noticed (thanks to <a href="http://blog.ericgoldman.org/" target="_new">Eric Goldman</a> for sending this over).  They claim that the program is being "reviewed," but no more patents are being accepted into the program, and the few that are already in are expected to be finished in the next few months.
<br /><br />
Again, having multiple people look in on patents is a good idea, but the setup of this particular program was incredibly flawed from the very start.  There wasn't much incentive to participate from either end, and so the program didn't go very far or come up with very much useful.  Also, it focused too much on "prior art" as an indicator of "obviousness" when the two are separate things (though, they may be related).  It's great that the USPTO was open to experiments on improving patent quality, but this one never seemed to have much going for it.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090709/1907055504.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090709/1907055504.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090709/1907055504.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>and-no-one-notices...</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20090709/1907055504</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Wed, 18 Mar 2009 06:44:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Discovery Channel Sues Amazon Over Ebook Patent</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090317/1826164156.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090317/1826164156.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Because it's quite obvious that no one would ever have come up with copy protection on an ebook reader without the Discovery Channel's CEO coming up with <a href="http://www.google.com/patents?id=AIOXAAAAEBAJ&#038;dq=7,298,851" target="_new">this patent</a>, the entertainment company has now <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-10198185-93.html?part=rss&#038;subj=news&#038;tag=2547-1_3-0-20" target="_new">sued Amazon.com for patent infringement</a>, claiming that the Kindle infringes on the patent.  Of course, Amazon could avoid all of this if it hadn't <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090227/0128303920.shtml">put DRM</a> on the Kindle... but then how would it <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090312/1821234104.shtml">use the DMCA</a> to block interoperability?  In the meantime, is Discovery Communications so hard up these days that it needs to sue companies in entirely different businesses over a patent on a concept in a field it's not even close to being in?  In the meantime, perhaps some patent attorneys could weigh in, but reading through the claims on the patent, I'm wondering how this patent is valid in a <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20070430/100114.shtml">post-KSR/Teleflex world</a>, which supposedly noted that patents that simply combined two obvious ideas should be obvious as well.  The patent in question certainly looks like "DRM + ebooks," both of which were rather well-known and widely discussed at the time the patent was filed.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090317/1826164156.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090317/1826164156.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090317/1826164156.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>aren't-patents-great?</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20090317/1826164156</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Thu, 7 Aug 2008 14:23:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>IBM Patents 'Paper Or Plastic'?</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080806/1909201916.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080806/1909201916.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ <a href="http://yro.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=08/08/05/2220242&#038;from=rss">Slashdot</a> points us to the latest absurd patent to get approval from the USPTO.  IBM has been granted a patent on the concept of <a href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&#038;Sect2=HITOFF&#038;d=PALL&#038;p=1&#038;u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&#038;r=1&#038;f=G&#038;l=50&#038;s1=7,407,089.PN.&#038;OS=PN/7,407,089&#038;RS=PN/7,407,089" target="_new">storing your packaging preference information</a> on your customer card.  Yes, basically, the act of storing whether or not you like paper or plastic bags on your customer loyalty card is considered such an original idea that it deserves a monopoly.
<br /><br />
We've been having some debates over the last few days in the comments on the question of "obviousness."  This patent hopefully demonstrates the point that many of us are trying to make.  The defenders of the patent system will claim that this is a perfectly reasonable patent because no one has done it before (where's the prior art, etc?).  But that doesn't get into whether or not this is actually <i>obvious</i>.  Customer cards store all sorts of information.  Should we give someone a patent on each and every one?  The implementation isn't hard at all.  If you were to ask your average (or, even below average) techie, how they would go about storing and retrieving such information, they would do so in an instant.  It simply makes no sense to award a long-term monopoly on adding just another bit of info to your customer card.  And, yet, that's the system we have these days.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080806/1909201916.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080806/1909201916.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080806/1909201916.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>patent-examiners-apparently-don't-shop-much</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20080806/1909201916</wfw:commentRss>
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<item>
<pubDate>Wed, 6 Aug 2008 03:11:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Lawyer Points Out That Simultaneous Invention Can Get Patents Tossed</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080730/0201111834.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080730/0201111834.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ For years, we've pointed out how ridiculous it is that our patent system doesn't include an <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20060309/1015220.shtml">independent invention</a> defense.  It seems rather against the concept of promoting innovation to say that someone who invented something entirely independently should be barred from using his own invention just because someone else invented the same thing slightly earlier.  Considering just how many major discoveries are <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080507/0114581051.shtml">discovered independently by multiple people</a>, this seems especially troublesome.  In fact, various research papers have been written about why an independent invention defense <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20070116/151246.shtml">makes a lot of sense</a>.
<br /><br />
However, beyond just a "defense" on patent claims, we've often <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080707/0326591605.shtml">pointed out</a> that independent invention actually should represent pretty good evidence that an invention doesn't meet the criteria for "non-obviousness" to those skilled in the art that is required for a patent.  After all, if multiple folks skilled in the art are all coming up with the same invention, it seems to be rather definitive proof that the concept was an "obvious" next step to those skilled in the art.  Of course, whenever we bring this up, patent system defenders talk about what a ridiculous idea this is and how it would be a disaster in practice.  Unfortunately for them, the <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20070116/151246.shtml">actual research</a> suggests it would actually be quite reasonable.
<br /><br />
However, with so many patent attorneys insisting that it's ridiculous that simultaneous or independent invention would be used to prove obviousness, it's interesting to see a patent attorney over at Patently-O <a href="http://www.patentlyo.com/patent/2008/07/secondary-consi.html" target="_new">point out that it's perfectly reasonable to use simultaneous invention as proof of obviousness</a>, even though he admits it's "seldom used."  Hopefully, that's going to start changing.  If the purpose of the patent system is only to protect "new and non-obvious" inventions -- it would seem like de facto evidence of obviousness that others are doing the same damn thing.  If you have to keep the patent system at all, such a test for obviousness (rather than just in court cases, as is suggested here) would be a tremendously useful step in the right direction.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080730/0201111834.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080730/0201111834.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080730/0201111834.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>well,-it's-a-start</slash:department>
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