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<title>Techdirt. Stories filed under &quot;investigations&quot;</title>
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<image><title>Techdirt. Stories filed under &quot;investigations&quot;</title><url>http://www.techdirt.com/images/td-88x31.gif</url><link>http://www.techdirt.com/</link></image>
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<pubDate>Fri, 16 Nov 2012 18:28:51 PST</pubDate>
<title>Unsealed Megaupload Seizure Warrants Reveal Use Of Flawed Logic... And An 'Undercover Computer'</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121116/14300021077/unsealed-megaupload-seizure-warrants-reveal-use-flawed-logic-undercover-computer.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121116/14300021077/unsealed-megaupload-seizure-warrants-reveal-use-flawed-logic-undercover-computer.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Last month, we wrote about how the EFF, representing Kyle Goodwin, had <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121022/17320820793/eff-files-motion-to-have-court-release-seizure-warrant-megaupload-case.shtml">asked</a> the US district court handling the Megaupload case to unseal the warrants for the seizures of Megauploads domains and servers.  The court has now ordered the documents unsealed.  To be honest, there isn't too much surprising in them.  There are some huge leaps to assume that hosting a cloud service somehow makes you criminally liable for what people do on that service.  In fact, part of it ridiculously argues that the "proof" of criminality is the fact that the DOJ had alerted Megaupload <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57551343-93/u.s-judge-in-megaupload-case-partially-unseals-search-warrant/" target="_blank">to some infringing files</a>, and those files had not been taken down.  However, as Megaupload's lawyer points out, the "alert" was in the form of asking for cooperation, which Megaupload granted, and not to "interfere" in the investigation.  Taking down the videos would be interfering.  Megaupload's lawyer, Ira Rothken explained to CNET:
<blockquote><i>
"MegaUpload was served with a criminal search warrant for alleged third-party user conduct and was advised not to interfere with that criminal investigation or with the files -- as such disclosure, would jeopardize the ongoing investigation. To ask MegaUpload to cooperate and then use that cooperation against them, to us seems to be both unfair and misleading." 
</i></blockquote>
Most of the argument in the warrants is just repeating the <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120120/00373617487/megaupload-details-raise-significant-concerns-about-what-doj-considers-evidence-criminal-behavior.shtml">already questionable</a> claims in the indictment -- which is what you'd expect.  They're also not all that different from previous <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20101221/00420012354/full-homeland-security-affidavit-to-seize-domains-riddled-with-technical-legal-errors.shtml">domain seizure</a> requests -- with a few notable exceptions.  First, you'll notice that the special agent who conducted the investigation has all personal information redacted.  Apparently the Justice Department would prefer that its agent not receive the ridicule that the agent who made myriad mistakes in earlier domain seizures received.
<br /><br />
But what was really amusing was the description of the investigation, which apparently involved an "undercover computer."
<blockquote><i>
Using an undercover computer, [redacted] observed how a visitor may view content hosted on <u>Megaupload.com</u>.  For example, on November 20, 2011, [redacted] observed the copyrighted picture "Zack and Miri Make a Porno," which was released in 2008 by The Weinstein Company, on the website <u>Megavideo.com</u>.
</i></blockquote>
I'm still trying to figure out just what an "undercover computer" is -- and where I can buy one.  Also, seems kind of random to choose Zack and Miri as the sample file to download -- especially given the director/writer of that particular movie, Kevin Smith, has talked extensively about how he believes "piracy" actually <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090908/0132166123.shtml">helps him</a> gain more fans.  Yes, the film's copyright is held by The Weinstein Company -- whose owners appear to have a slightly <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121012/14181320694/harvey-weinsteins-hang-em-first-approach-to-piracy-hits-all-wrong-suspects.shtml">less enlightened</a> view of infringement -- but it still seems like an odd choice.
<br /><br />
In addition to those oddities, there are some other claims within the filings that don't make much sense.  They make the argument that seizure is necessary with claims that are, simply speaking, not true:
<blockquote><i>
Neither a restraining order nor an injunction is sufficient to guarantee the availability of the Subject Domain Names for forfeiture.  By seizing the Subject Domain Names and redirecting them to another website, the United States will prevent supporters of the Mega Conspiracy or third parties from redirecting the Subject Domain Names to servers elsewhere in the world, and thus using them to commit additional crimes.  Furthermore, seizure of the Subject Domain Names will prevent visitors from continuing to access the websites located at the Subject Domain Names.
</i></blockquote>
To put it simply: that makes no sense.  Either a restraining order or an injunction would, in fact, prevent those other things from happening.  Yes, Megaupload could have ignored the two, but then it would face additional charges for ignoring the court.  Given that Megaupload had repeatedly engaged in various lawsuits against it in the US before, there was simply no evidence that Megaupload would directly ignore the court and, as such, face additional charges.
<br /><br />
Finally, the documents also show the DOJ's request for these documents to be sealed.  You can understand <i>why</i> they wanted the warrants sealed prior to the takedowns and arrests happening.  But those all took place within a week of the seizures being approved by the judge.  There was no reason to keep them under seal.  Yet the DOJ claims that it "has considered alternatives less drastic than sealing, including, for example, the possibility of redactions, and has determined that none would suffice to protect this investigation."  That is, of course, empirically and definitively false because we've now seen the unsealed and redacted document and they do nothing to endanger the investigation (other than, perhaps, revealing the weaknesses of the DOJ's arguments).<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121116/14300021077/unsealed-megaupload-seizure-warrants-reveal-use-flawed-logic-undercover-computer.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121116/14300021077/unsealed-megaupload-seizure-warrants-reveal-use-flawed-logic-undercover-computer.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121116/14300021077/unsealed-megaupload-seizure-warrants-reveal-use-flawed-logic-undercover-computer.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>did-it-wear-a-mustache</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Fri, 27 Jul 2012 10:03:36 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Senate Intelligence Committee A Lot More Interested In Punishing Whistleblowers Than In Investigating Why They're Blowing The Whistle</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120726/12342419845/senate-intelligence-committee-lot-more-interested-punishing-whistleblowers-than-investigating-why-theyre-blowing-whistle.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120726/12342419845/senate-intelligence-committee-lot-more-interested-punishing-whistleblowers-than-investigating-why-theyre-blowing-whistle.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ A few weeks back, we noted how ridiculous it was that Senator Dianne Feinstein seemed a lot more <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120606/11024319223/sen-feinstein-more-worried-about-reaction-to-leak-about-stuxnet-rather-than-reaction-to-stuxnet-itself.shtml">upset</a> that information about questionable US activities abroad was being <i>leaked</i> than she was about the fact that the US was involved in questionable activities abroad.  And, now the Senate Intelligence Committee (of which Feinstein is the chair) has pushed out <a href="http://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2012/07/ssci_leak.html" target="_blank">new rules targeting those who leak information to the press</a> (what most of us call whistleblowing).  The Secrecy News blog does a good job highlighting how this seems to be much more about sweeping bad activities under the rug and blaming whistleblowers, rather than actually stopping bad behavior by government:
<blockquote><i>
<p>In an earlier generation of intelligence oversight, leaks led to leak investigations in executive agencies, but they also prompted substantive oversight in Congress.&nbsp; When Seymour Hersh and the New York Times famously reported on unlawful domestic surveillance in December 1974, the urgent question in Congress was not how did Hersh find out, or how similar disclosures could be prevented, but what to do about the alarming facts that had been disclosed.</p>
<p>In contrast, while pursuing leaks and leakers, today&#8217;s <a href="http://www.intelligence.senate.gov/">Senate Intelligence Committee</a> has not held an <a href="http://intelligence.senate.gov/hearings.cfm">open public hearing</a> for six months. The Committee&#8217;s investigative report concerning CIA interrogation practices from ten years (and two presidential terms) ago has <a href="http://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2012/04/nearing_completion.html">still not been issued</a>.&nbsp; Upon publication &#8212; perhaps this fall &#8212; it will essentially be a historical document.</p>
<p>Most fundamentally, the Committee&#8217;s new <a href="http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/2012_cr/ssci-leaks.pdf">draft legislation</a> errs by treating &#8220;classification&#8221; as a self-validating category &#8212; i.e., if it&#8217;s classified, it warrants protection by definition &#8212; rather than as the flawed administrative instrument that it is.</p>
</i></blockquote>
Effectively, the new rules would make it that much harder for anyone in the intelligence community to blow the whistle if they come across illegal activities by the government.  It effectively treats all activity by the government as good and any "leak" as bad, even if it would serve to highlight massive government abuse.  That's pretty scary.  Not only will it create massive chilling effects for anyone seeking to stop illegal government behavior, but it will actually provide even more cover for the government to ignore the laws.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120726/12342419845/senate-intelligence-committee-lot-more-interested-punishing-whistleblowers-than-investigating-why-theyre-blowing-whistle.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120726/12342419845/senate-intelligence-committee-lot-more-interested-punishing-whistleblowers-than-investigating-why-theyre-blowing-whistle.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120726/12342419845/senate-intelligence-committee-lot-more-interested-punishing-whistleblowers-than-investigating-why-theyre-blowing-whistle.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>but-of-course...</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Thu, 13 Oct 2011 08:39:28 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Federal Agent Manufactured Case Against Guy... For The Purpose Of Spending More Time With His Mistress</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111012/03095916318/federal-agent-manufactured-case-against-guy-purpose-spending-more-time-with-his-mistress.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111012/03095916318/federal-agent-manufactured-case-against-guy-purpose-spending-more-time-with-his-mistress.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ We've covered, repeatedly, the misdeeds of various law enforcement officials lately, but this latest story might be the most egregiously ridiculous case.  Apparently EPA Agent Keith Phillips pushed heavily for a case against a guy named Hubert Vidrine, who was eventually charged with "knowingly storing hazardous waste materials without a permit."  It later turned out that there were some serious problems with the case against Vidrine.  First, he was storing oil, which was not considered hazardous waste, and second, there was no evidence that the storage was done "knowingly."  Eventually, the feds realized the case was so weak that it dumped it.  Vidrine fought back in court, claiming malicious prosecution, and the court hasn't just sided with him, but <a href="http://volokh.com/2011/10/10/district-court-awards-malicious-1-7-million-for-malicious-prosecutio-after-epa-agent-manufactured-evidence-against-suspect-with-the-apparent-goal-of-spending-more-time-with-his-mistress/" target="_blank">awarded him $1.7 million dollars for the malicious prosecution</a>, detailing that Phillips provided false testimony and then "permeated the entire investigation with omissions, half-truths, overstatements, inflammatory language, misstatements, patent falsehoods, and tortured readings of regulations." 
<br /><br />
But where it gets insane is the <i>reason</i> behind all of this.  It didn't even have anything to do with Vidrine at all.  Apparently, Agent Phillips used the case as a way to spend more time with his mistress, who was also working on the case.  Seriously:
<blockquote><i>
One of the more distressing allegations made at trial, involved allegations of Agent Phillips&rsquo; sexual, extra-marital affair (and its subsequent &ldquo;cover up&rdquo;) with Agent Barnhill. The evidence strongly indicated Agent Phillips deliberately used his investigation and prosecution of Hubert Vidrine to foster, further, facilitate and cloak his extra-marital affair with Agent Barnhill, and perhaps, to exert improper influence over the manner in which she investigated and reported upon this case. Agent Barnhill candidly testified that she and Agent Phillips began a physical, sexual relationship while assigned to this matter, which lasted from approximately 1996 until January or February 2001. Agent Barnhill testified she and Agent Phillips were only physically intimate when working together on the Vidrine case &mdash; in other words, they did not meet to pursue their sexual relations on occasions when they were not working the case together. Thus, the case granted the opportunity for those rendez-vous, as well as providing justification for Agent Phillips wife.
<br /><br />
During the investigation and prosecution, Agent Barnhill, who was single, lived in South Louisiana; Agent Phillips, who was married, lived in Dallas, Texas with his wife. Prior to and at trial, plaintiffs&rsquo; counsel consistently argued Agent Phillips used the Vidrine investigation as a cover, excuse and opportunity to facilitate his illicit affair with Agent Barnhill and to hide the affair from his wife. Plaintiffs consistently argued Keith Phillips manufactured a case, both in law and fact, against Hubert Vidrine, and carefully fed the AUSA and his supervisors only the information which would further that end and perpetuate the case, all to promote access to Agent Barnhill and perpetuate and conceal their illicit affair. Regrettably, the Court agrees with plaintiffs: this inappropriate and unprofessional behavior likely was, at least in part (if not in whole) a motivation for Agent Phillips&rsquo; continued pursuit of Hubert Vidrine, without probable cause, and certainly with a complete and total reckless disregard of Hubert Vidrine&rsquo;s rights.
</i></blockquote>
For all of this, Phillips was charged separately, leading to him recently pleading guilty to perjury and obstruction of justice.  Obviously, this is an extreme case, and in no way representative.  But the point that it brings up is that law enforcement has tremendous power, and if they choose to go after someone maliciously (or indirectly salaciously), they can make someone's life a living hell on their own whim.  This is why we're so often concerned about making sure there's transparency and oversight -- and that those accused of things are able to effectively defend themselves.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111012/03095916318/federal-agent-manufactured-case-against-guy-purpose-spending-more-time-with-his-mistress.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111012/03095916318/federal-agent-manufactured-case-against-guy-purpose-spending-more-time-with-his-mistress.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111012/03095916318/federal-agent-manufactured-case-against-guy-purpose-spending-more-time-with-his-mistress.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>damn</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2008 11:59:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>ABA Says RIAA File Sharing Watchers Shouldn't Need Private Investigators' Licenses</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080827/2143312115.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080827/2143312115.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ We've seen a few cases against the RIAA in which either state officials or defendants will point out that the RIAA's hired hands in tracking down file sharers -- companies like MediaSentry -- are <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20070626/010102.shtml">violating state laws</a> requiring private investigators' licenses for certain activities.  Now, the American Bar Association (ABA) has put out a report <a href="http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2008/08/do-riaa-snoops.html" target="_new">suggesting that this is silly</a>, and that states and judges shouldn't require such companies to have a PI's license.  While I'm a bit surprised at myself, I actually agree with the ABA.  As distasteful as the RIAA's legal strategy is, and as flimsy as the evidence is that these company's collect, going after them for not having a PI's license is focusing on a loophole, not the actual merits.  And, honestly, most of these requirements for PI licenses are really just a way to create artificial scarcity in the PI business, not actually a way to ensure safety or quality.  The RIAA's efforts to sue music fans have plenty of problems, but focusing on whether or not companies like MediaSentry need a PI license seems like a tangent that takes away from the bigger picture.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080827/2143312115.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080827/2143312115.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080827/2143312115.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>and-they're-probably-right</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Fri, 30 Nov 2007 03:23:21 PST</pubDate>
<title>Oregon Attorney General Fighting Back Against RIAA Lawsuits</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20071130/003324.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20071130/003324.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Over the summer, we wrote about a lawsuit someone had filed against the RIAA in Oregon, claiming that the RIAA's investigation tactics were <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20070626/010102.shtml">illegal</a>, since the firm it used to sniff out unauthorized users, MediaSentry, was not a licensed investigator in Oregon.  This seemed like a relatively weak claim (or at least one focused on the letter of the law more than the spirit).  However, it appears that argument has caught the attention of Oregon's Attorney General who already is unhappy with the RIAA.  You may recall that earlier this month, the Attorney General <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20071102/031303.shtml">stood up to the RIAA</a> after it tried to get the University of Oregon to identify students.  It was surprising to see the AG get involved in such an issue, but clearly, he believes the RIAA is going too far.  The RIAA responded to his filing, <a href="http://recordingindustryvspeople.blogspot.com/2007/11/riaa-opposes-motion-by-oregon-attorney.html">opposing</a> the motion, of course.  And now the Attorney General has responded, not just about this particular issue, but <a href="http://recordingindustryvspeople.blogspot.com/2007/11/oregon-attorney-general-files-reply.html">slamming the RIAA on a number of fronts</a>, suggesting that the RIAA may be in a bit more hot water than it believed.  He repeats the argument that the RIAA's investigation techniques are illegal and then goes on to slam the evidence the RIAA has, how it's gathered, how it uses these cases to squeeze money out of unsophisticated people and many other points about these RIAA cases.  The response then points out why this is an important matter for the Attorney General to take a stand on and how it would like to get some answers from the RIAA:
<blockquote><i>
"Because Plaintiffs routinely obtain ex parte discovery in their John Doe infringement suits, as they themselves have pointed out, their factual assertions supporting their good cause argument are never challenged by an adverse party and their investigative methods remain free of scrutiny. They often settle their cases quickly before defendants obtain legal representation and begin to conduct discovery.... While the University is not a party to the case, Plaintiffs' subpoena affects the university's rights and obligations. Plaintiffs may be spying on students who use the University's computer system and may be accessing much more than IP addresses. The University seeks the Court's permission to serve the attached interrogatories on Plaintiffs and conduct telephonic depositions of the individuals who investigated the seventeen John Does named in this lawsuit to determine 1) what their investigative practices are and 2) whether they have any additional information with which to identify the John Does."</i></blockquote>
It looks like the RIAA may have messed with the wrong university in the wrong state.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20071130/003324.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20071130/003324.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20071130/003324.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>messed-with-the-wrong-attorney-general</slash:department>
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