Techdirt. Stories filed under "english"

DailyDirt: Learning A Foreign Language

Joyce Hung — Mon, 25 Mar 2013 17:00:00 PDT

Apparently, Japanese is the most difficult foreign language for native English speakers to learn. Not only does it have different written and spoken codes, it also has three different writing systems. Furthermore, Japanese syntax is left branching, which is the complete opposite of English syntax, which is right branching. Learning a foreign language is never easy (although some people seem to have an easier time than others), but it's not impossible with enough time and effort put into it. Here are a few more links about learning foreign languages.

A father spoke to his son in only Klingon for the first three years of his life. He was apparently interested in whether his kid, who was just going through his first language acquisition process, would pick up Klingon just like any human language. And, yes, the kid did start to learn it. [url]
What it takes to learn Chinese, or any other foreign language, is simply lots of hard work. You don't have to be talented. Just follow the "10,000 Hour Rule," and practice, practice, practice. [url]
Scientists in China think they've figured out a better way to teach Chinese. Using network theory, they developed a learning strategy that exploits the structural relationships between Chinese characters, which are actually composed of a fairly limited number of sub-characters. [url]

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DailyDirt: Talking Funny

Michael Ho — Thu, 27 Dec 2012 17:00:00 PST

Some people don't think they have an accent when they talk, but even Mid-westerners have a few discernible pronunciations that can give them away. But beyond accents, there are also speaking quirks like slang and syntax and other weird sounds that people use when they communicate. Here are just a few examples.

The Voices of California project is trying to document California's English accents. The researchers are gathering examples of different slang, pronunciation and syntax that Californians use -- such as "hella," "pin/pen," and the "positive anymore" phenomenon. [url]
Is Obama addicted to saying "is is" when he talks? Thankfully, he doesn't use extreme isisism, like the "triple is" in a sentence like: "What the American people's understanding is, is, is that..." [url]
The vocal fry is a low creak in someone's voice while they talk -- that mostly occurs at the end of sentences. It was thought to be more common among young women, but newer studies suggest otherwise. [url]

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DailyDirt: Making Up Words

Michael Ho — Wed, 5 Dec 2012 17:00:00 PST

The English language creates new words all the time and steals words from other languages to bulk up its vocabulary. Maybe it's not fair to other languages, but then the consequences are that English grammar is highly irregular and correct spellings sometimes require knowledge of the word origins. Here are just a few interesting tidbits on creating new words.

The usage of "OMG" apparently dates back as far as 1917 -- when Lord John Fisher used it in a letter to Winston Churchill. However, the Oxford English Dictionary only added OMG to its lexicon in 2011. [url]
How many words exist in the English language? Unabridged dictionaries have hundreds of thousands of entries, but scientific estimates put it closer to a million. A 2011 Culturonomics paper suggests the English language is growing at a rate of about 8,500 new words per year, but that rate is actually slowing down. [url]
Lingodroids are creating new words that humans might be able to use. Perhaps fittingly, these bots are generating a whole lot of new 4-letter words. [url]

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DailyDirt: Bullet The Blue

Michael Ho — Thu, 15 Nov 2012 17:00:00 PST

When people talk about colorful language, they're usually referring to foul language. But more literally, words for colors in our language(s) can affect how we perceive and react to colors. The word for blue is particularly interesting due to its surprisingly infrequent use in older texts. Here are just a few links relating colors and words.

Different languages describe colors in ways that sometimes can't be translated exactly, and these linguistic definitions can affect how people perceive colors. The Russian language has very specific words for different shades of "blue" (and no term for "blue" in general), and Russians have distinctly different reactions to blue than English speakers do. [url]
A color-coded analysis of various English texts according to word origins can show some interesting patterns that could be unique to certain genres of writing. British literature has more words from Anglo-Saxon origins, but other kinds of writing has different mixtures... if only spam were easily identified by this kind of analysis. [url]
Ancient greeks wouldn't have described the sky as blue.... Homer did not use "blue" at all, and maybe Greeks didn't see colors the same way we do today. But other ancient civilizations didn't use blue in their written languages, either. [url]

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Grammar Nazis: Useful Language Experts, Or Elitist Snobs?

Mike Masnick — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 09:09:00 PDT

I know that my grammar is not ideal, though I really do strive to get the basics right. There are times, however, when I feel that the strict "rules" that are put forth by grammar go too far. If the text makes the point in a way that people can understand, what is the problem? On top of that, there's the utter snobbishness with which some (no, not all!) grammar aficionados put down anyone who makes a silly mistake. I have no problem with someone letting me know about a typo or a grammatical problem in a friendly and useful manner -- but all too often the message is delivered in the tone suggesting that making such an elementary grammatical error suggests that I obviously never made it out of the second grade. So I'm glad to see an English professor taking on the grammar nazis.

Salon is running a review of a new book by English professor Jack Lynch, called The Lexicographer's Dilemma, which argues that grammar nazis should chill out. Grammar rules are mostly to make people feel elite, not to make them any clearer, according to the book. Again, I have no problem with basic grammar rules for the sake of clarity, but focusing too much on the rules over the clarity is a mistake, and it's nice to see at least some "experts" agreeing.

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Txt Spk In Schools Not A Big Deal

Mike Masnick — Fri, 25 Apr 2008 05:31:00 PDT

While some of the headlines on the latest Pew Study about how "txt speak" is slipping into school writing assignments suggest the horror of a generation of kids who write LOL and use smileys in written communications, the actual results aren't that bad at all. What the study found was that, yes, occasionally some students let slip non-formal English, though that's hardly surprising. However, it's not particularly damaging, and it becomes a teaching point, helping students learn the difference between formal and informal English. This is nothing new. Every year we see the same basic study results, despite plenty of people flipping out. Despite long term worries about txt speak destroying the language, there's no evidence to support that.

In 2003, there was a study that showed that all this writing online was actually making kids more comfortable with writing in general. In 2004, a study showed (like this one) that with a little instruction kids easily understood the difference between texting and writing. In 2005, a study actually found that kids were better writers than in the past "using far more complex sentence structures, a wider vocabulary and a more accurate use of capital letters, punctuation and spelling" even if they sometimes let a txtism into their writing. And, in 2006, a study showed that students showed no ill effects from widespread text and IM messaging. In other words, this story is getting plenty of attention, but the details don't support the headline version that kids are unable to understand what's appropriate in their writing.

Also, one other interesting finding came out of this study: despite the fact that kids sometimes seem attached to their computers, two-thirds actually prefer to write assignments by hand. So, perhaps that'll put to rest that other circulating myth that kids aren't able to write by hand any more.

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The Language Indicator: If You Want To Stay On Top Of Technology, You Need To Speak Chinese

Tom Lee — Tue, 18 Dec 2007 07:29:00 PST

For all of the lamentation of American students' perennially-disappointing math and science scores, it's also true that we've been pretty good at avoiding the resulting negative consequences that one might expect. The U.S. has maintained its status as an economic and cultural powerhouse, and consequently kept its universities and research labs stocked with the world's best talent — regardless of whether it's home-grown or not.

But is this sustainable? The state of the American empire is, of course, much too large a topic to tackle here. But we can at least glance at a couple of interesting and relevant phenomena from the world of tech. First and most obvious is the the case of the weakened dollar. Many small businesses like SlySoft have been switching their currency of choice in the wake of the Euro's ascendance. Bunnie Huang, famed Xbox hacker and current chief engineer for Chumby included the following aside in a recent post on his personal blog: "I figure I might as well accept the trend that the US dollar is on its way out, and treat Euros as the currency of reference." (Incidentally, if you haven't yet seen it, Bunnie's fascinating series of posts on outsourcing electronic manufacturing to China is not to be missed.)

But Bunnie makes another interesting observation in that post — one that's probably more important:

This actually highlights an important limitation: English speakers can’t search Chinese web pages. There are volumes of knowledge out there in Chinese that remain closed to us. As the Chinese tech sector grows, it is becoming more important to make efforts to search in Chinese. Just try searching for USB mass storage controller ASICs, or digital picture frame SoCs on Google in English, and then go and open up one of these devices and compare your findings. I bet you’ll find that the chips most frequently used in these popular devices are best searched for in Chinese.

Of course, this is hardly the first time that a technical field's dominant language has fragmented or shifted. Derek Lowe has written thoughtfully about these issues as they pertain to his own discipline — chemistry — and it's useful to keep his contrary point in mind: far from declining, Lowe says that English is consolidating its hold on the sciences.

But it seems obvious that superior documentation existing in Chinese is at least indicative of the Chinese tech industry's continued rise. The English speakers of the world have no doubt benefited from the network effects that come with being native speakers of engineering's lingua franca. It'll be interesting to see how the industry — and our government — responds to the loss of this advantage.

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