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<title>Techdirt. Stories filed under &quot;dvr&quot;</title>
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<pubDate>Thu, 25 Apr 2013 11:55:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>CBS Will Sue Aereo In Boston, Preferably In The Alternate Reality Where CBS Is Winning</title>
<dc:creator>Leigh Beadon</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130424/00002122819/cbs-threatens-to-sue-aereo-again.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130424/00002122819/cbs-threatens-to-sue-aereo-again.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ <p>
<a href="http://www.techdirt.com/user/churchhatestucker">ChurchHatesTucker</a> points us to the latest news about Aereo, the service that has been facing endless opposition and jumping through countless legal hoops just to be able to offer a simple service that lets people watch public TV broadcasts online. Undaunted, Aereo recently announced plans to launch in Boston, which <a href="http://www.theverge.com/2013/4/23/4257652/cbs-threatens-to-sue-aereo-again-this-time-in-boston" target="_blank">spurred an analyst to ask CBS (which is engaged in a lawsuit against Aereo in New York) how it would respond:</a>
</p>
<center><a href="http://imgur.com/rB3RgfX"><img src="http://i.imgur.com/rB3RgfX.png" title="Hosted by imgur.com" /></a></center>
<p>
McClintock (CBS' exec VP of communications) sure doesn't mince words, but he does mince reality. The broadcasters are <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120711/22343219668/aereo-wins-round-one-against-broadcasters-judge-rejects-injunction-allows-service-to-live.shtml">not</a> faring <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130401/09080722534/aereo-wins-again-appeals-court-says-its-system-is-not-infringing.shtml">well</a> against Aereo, with the courts all apparently recognizing that the company has carefully followed the letter of the law established in the Cablevision ruling. It's bizarre that he would try to characterize the situation as an obvious win for CBS when the exact opposite is true &mdash; especially in a conversation with tech analysts and journalists. Still, points for confidence, I guess.
</p>
<p>
It didn't end there, either:
</p>
<blockquote><em>After [Verge editor Ben] Popper noted that CBS' signals were not being stolen and that the public owned the airwaves, <a href="https://twitter.com/Dana_McClintock/status/326726592309121025" target="_blank">McClintock responded</a>: "Yet it's ok for Aereo to profit from the same public. Hmmm..."
<br /><br />
Greenfield got in a zinger by noting the similarities between Aereo and Amazon's services. "Amazon 'makes money'" Greenfield <a href="https://twitter.com/RichBTIG/status/326729472881590273" target="_blank">wrote on Twitter</a>, "on selling antennas to watch broadcast TV, and they ship to Boston."</em></blockquote>
<p>
The question of "profiting from the public" is a red herring, and not a smart one for CBS to bring up. After all, the networks profit from their public broadcasts, too. Do they plan to give back all the money they have made from selling ads on the <em>publicly-owned airwaves</em> for which they paid no access fee?
</p>
<p>
The fact that the airwaves are owned by the public only means what it sounds like. It means the ability to <em>broadcast</em> on the airwaves is permitted by the public &mdash; it does not have anything to do with how the public accesses those airwaves, or whether or not someone is making a profit. As Greenfield points out, by McClintock's logic, it would be wrong to charge money for a TV antenna.
</p>
<p>
The Twitter exchange perfectly highlights a key issue here: thanks to the vagaries of copyright law, the whole fight over Aereo (and over remote DVR) is basically a fight about the length of a wire. Selling a home TV antenna? Legal. Renting a home TV antenna to someone? Yup. Selling someone a setup that hooks their antenna into a computer and then into their network, so they can watch it on any of their devices? No problem. Renting that same setup to them? Sure thing.
</p>
<p>
But doing any of that <em>from slightly further away?</em> 'Illegal!' cry the networks.
</p>
<p>
Luckily, despite the networks' facade of confidence and <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130408/12161722625/hilarious-ridiculous-networks-threaten-to-pull-channels-off-air-if-aereo-dish-win-lawsuits.shtml">silly threats</a> to pull their broadcasts, the courts seem to be well aware of the ridiculousness of their argument. Given the recent rulings, it seems unlikely that a new lawsuit in Boston would gain much traction &mdash; but, of course, just the fact that the lawsuits keep on coming serves as a roadblock to Aereo's innovation. The <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130410/12051322665/copyright-lobotomy-how-intellectual-property-makes-us-pretend-to-be-stupid.shtml">broken analogies</a> enforced by copyright law have resulted in an <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/blog/innovation/articles/20120830/13260820222/how-copyright-has-driven-online-streaming-innovators-insane.shtml">insane situation</a> with online streaming (among other things), and the fact that the fight with Aereo has even gone this far (and shows no signs of stopping) just underscores the severity of the problem.
</p><br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130424/00002122819/cbs-threatens-to-sue-aereo-again.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130424/00002122819/cbs-threatens-to-sue-aereo-again.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130424/00002122819/cbs-threatens-to-sue-aereo-again.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>keep-angry,-carry-on</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jan 2013 05:44:14 PST</pubDate>
<title>Just How Dumb Is It For CBS To Block CNET From Giving Dish An Award?</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130111/00145421637/just-how-dumb-is-it-cbs-to-block-cnet-giving-dish-award.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130111/00145421637/just-how-dumb-is-it-cbs-to-block-cnet-giving-dish-award.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ As you may or may not recall, last year, pretty much all the TV networks <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120525/04185919074/tv-networks-file-legal-claims-saying-skipping-commercials-is-copyright-infringement.shtml">sued Dish Networks</a> over a new feature it had launched, PrimeTime Any Time (PTAT), with its Autohopper technology on its DVRs.  PTAT is where it would automatically record all the major networks' prime time programming and hold onto it for a bit.  Autohopper would then automatically skip over the commercials.  It's important to recognize that these features, on their own, have been considered legal.  VCRs had auto commercial skip ages ago and DVR technology (time shifting) has been called fair use plenty of times.  Given that, the lawsuits <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121113/02171921026/details-ruling-over-dishs-autohopper-show-fox-lost-nearly-all-important-issues.shtml">aren't going well</a> so far.
<br /><br />
But, in a moment of pure stupidity, some very short-sighted suits at CBS made a really silly decision.  As you may or may not have heard, CES -- the massive consumer electronics show -- has been going on all this week in Las Vegas.  I just got back from there myself.  At the show, Dish announced another merging of some of its products, adding its Slingbox (who they bought years back) to the same basic setup.  Slingbox, of course, is for "place shifting" what the DVR is for "time shifting."  You hook it up to your TV and it lets you access what's playing on your TV via the internet (so, via your computer, phone or tablet).  It's hardly surprising that this is where Dish was heading.
<br /><br />
And... the early reviews and buzz were definitely strong.  For example, CNET wrote a <a href="http://reviews.cnet.com/digital-video-recorders-dvrs/dish-hopper-with-sling/4505-6474_7-35566943.html" target="_blank">glowing review</a> in which executive editor David Carnoy suggested it may be the best DVR out there these days.  The CNET crew liked the thing so much that they <a href="https://twitter.com/CNET/statuses/289090800011313152" target="_blank">nominated it for their "Best of CES" award.
<center>
<a href="http://imgur.com/YBeo6"><img src="http://i.imgur.com/YBeo6.png" width=560 /></a>
</center>
And... then the suits at CNET parent company CBS noticed.  And suddenly they told CNET that it </a><a href="http://go.bloomberg.com/tech-blog/2013-01-10-cbs-to-dish-no-ces-award-for-you/" target="_blank">had to remove the Dish Hopper with Sling from consideration</a> for the Best of CES award <i>and</i> that it was no longer allowed to review any Dish products.  CNET editors appended the following note to their review:
<blockquote><i>
Editors' note: The Dish Hopper with Sling was removed from consideration for the Best of CES 2013 awards due to active litigation involving our parent company CBS Corp. We will no longer be reviewing products manufactured by companies with which we are in litigation with respect to such product.
</i></blockquote>
This is <i>monumentally</i> stupid, for a variety of reasons.  Let's see how many we can come up with.
<ol>
<li> Hello <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streisand_effect">Streisand Effect</a>.  There were approximately one gazillion articles this week about products coming out of CES, and the place was wall to wall with journalists -- probably half of whom were coming up with their own "best of" lists.  Most people were completely saturated with CES stories and would barely glance at such a story.  Except... now, tons of people are suddenly finding out about this <i>awesome</i> Dish DVR, the Hopper with Slingbox.  In fact, they're hearing that the damn thing is so good that CBS is trying to block any news of it from getting out.  Talking about increasing the awareness...  I have no clue whatsoever what product CNET -- or any other publication -- awarded "best of CES" to.  But I sure as hell am well aware of Dish's new DVR.
</li><li> Goodbye to the wall that separates the suits from the journalists at CBS/CNET.  CBS execs have just confirmed that they don't want their journalists and reviewers to cover things based on the merits, but rather on what it means for their corporate masters.
</li><li> Hello slippery slope.  Is it really that hard to see where this heads next?  Is CNET still allowed to <i>report on the lawsuit</i> if CBS loses?  If they can't talk about the products, what about the legal issues themselves?
</li><li> Goodbye journalists with credibility.  Frankly, CNET has always had some of the strongest tech reporters in the business.  For many years I've considered it one of the top tech news sites out there.  I have tremendous respect for many of the reporters there.  But, now I have to wonder how much the suits are interfering with their ability to report things accurately.
</li><li> Goodbye to principled journalists who want to work for CBS.  If I'm a journalist at CNET right now, I'd be seriously considering quitting in protest.  This move seriously harms the brand and reputation of the site, and this is the kind of thing that journalists should stand up against.  Having the suits interfere with what they can write about is generally seen as a massive offense to journalists.  I would bet this leads to some of the best, most principled CNET reporters jumping ship to elsewhere.
</li><li> Good luck to CNET hiring new journalists.  Who wants to jump into that toxic situation?
</li></ol>
CBS's suits should have kept quiet and not interfered with the news side of the business.  They had to know that this would backfire in a big bad way.  And, if they didn't know that, they deserve to lose their jobs for being pretty clueless about things that matter.
<br /><br />
Of course, they were probably thinking that Dish would likely use the reviews from CNET as evidence in the lawsuit, which very well may be true (and could still happen since the review did go out).  But it's not hard to get around that, since the legal impact of a single review is near zilch.  In the end, they didn't stifle the review, they made it more well known.  They didn't do anything that helps them in their lawsuit.  And they're left with an undoubtedly pissed off set of journalists who may now question how free they are to actually report the news.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130111/00145421637/just-how-dumb-is-it-cbs-to-block-cnet-giving-dish-award.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130111/00145421637/just-how-dumb-is-it-cbs-to-block-cnet-giving-dish-award.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130111/00145421637/just-how-dumb-is-it-cbs-to-block-cnet-giving-dish-award.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>count-the-ways</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Fri, 7 Dec 2012 18:32:00 PST</pubDate>
<title>The DVR That Watches You Back: Verizon Applies For 'Ambient Action' Detecting Device Patent</title>
<dc:creator>Tim Cushing</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121205/20395521250/dvr-that-watches-you-back-verizon-applies-ambient-action-detecting-device-patent.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121205/20395521250/dvr-that-watches-you-back-verizon-applies-ambient-action-detecting-device-patent.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Here&#39;s another patent application to keep an eye on, following on the heels of Microsoft&#39;s <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121105/21564420943/microsoft-patents-tv-that-watches-back-counts-heads-charges-admission.shtml" target="_blank">patent app for a TV that counts noses</a> in order to charge each viewer for content, potentially turning your living room into something akin to a porn store viewing booth or bus stop TV -- "please insert $2 to continue viewing." Verizon&#39;s patent application <a href="http://publicintelligence.net/verizon-dvr-watches-users" target="_blank">also involves a device eyeballing your living room, this time in an effort to target advertising</a>.<br />
<br />
Verizon&#39;s living room intruder is a DVR that observes "ambient action," identifies it and scans its ad database for an appropriate ad to serve up during the next commercial break. This sounds about as creepy as an ad exec watching you through your open living room drapes in order to decide which flyers to shove in your mailbox. Rest assured, Verizon&#39;s use of the phrase "ambient action" is designed for maximum innocuousness. It&#39;s not until you get to <a href="http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&#038;Sect2=HITOFF&#038;p=1&#038;u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&#038;r=1&#038;f=G&#038;l=50&#038;co1=AND&#038;d=PG01&#038;s1=20120304206&#038;OS=20120304206&#038;RS=20120304206" target="_blank">the list of possible "ambient actions"</a> that the creep factor <i>really</i> kicks in.
<blockquote>
<i>[0016] To illustrate, an exemplary ambient action may include the user eating, exercising, laughing, reading, sleeping, talking, singing, humming, cleaning, playing a musical instrument, performing any other suitable action, and/or engaging in any other physical activity during the presentation of the media content. In certain examples, the ambient action may include an interaction by the user with another user (e.g., another user physically located in the same room as the user). To illustrate, the ambient action may include the user talking to, cuddling with, fighting with, wrestling with, playing a game with, competing with, and/or otherwise interacting with the other user. In further examples, the ambient action may include the user interacting with a separate media content access device (e.g., a media content access device separate from the media content access device presenting the media content). For example, the ambient action may include the user interacting with a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, etc.) during the presentation of a media content program by a set-top box (&ldquo;STB&rdquo;) device.</i></blockquote>
It looks as though Verizon has carefully avoided naming any other ambient actions that viewers may not want to have "watched back," like "having sex with," "fighting with," "yelling at," "masturbating to," "Farmvilleing at" or "blogging about." All joking aside, it&#39;s a bit disconcerting that Verizon&#39;s main concern isn&#39;t the potential privacy violations, but rather that its customers just aren&#39;t <i>watching TV hard enough</i>.
<blockquote>
<i>[T]raditional targeted advertising systems and methods fail to account for one or more ambient actions of a user while the user is experiencing media content using a media content access device. For example, if a user is watching a television program, a traditional targeted advertising system fails to account for what the user is doing (e.g., eating, interacting with another user, sleeping, etc.) while the user is watching the television program. This limits the effectiveness, personalization, and/or adaptability of the targeted advertising.</i></blockquote>
I suppose that, in this era of "second screens" and "promiscuous &#39;cuddling&#39; teens," it&#39;s tough to get the sort of "captive audience" that advertisers (and the companies that sold customers to them) used to take for granted. The bold, new paradigm is the "observed audience," an innocuous phrasing in itself. The "tracked audience." The "surveilled audience." These terms are a little more accurate, especially considering <i>how much</i>&nbsp;information Verizon covers under the pillow-soft, marketing-friendly, customer-disarming term "ambient."
<blockquote>
<i>[0019] Detection facility 104 may be additionally or alternatively configured to analyze data received by way of a detection device in order to obtain information associated with a user, an ambient action of the user, a user&#39;s surroundings, and/or any other information obtainable by way of the data. For example, detection facility 104 may analyze the received data utilizing one or more motion capture technologies, motion analysis technologies, gesture recognition technologies, facial recognition technologies, voice recognition technologies, acoustic source localization technologies, and/or any other suitable technologies to detect one or more actions (e.g., movements, motions, gestures, mannerisms, etc.) of the user, a location of the user, a proximity of the user to another user, one or more physical attributes (e.g., size, build, skin color, hair length, facial features, and/or any other suitable physical attributes) of the user, one or more voice attributes (e.g., tone, pitch, inflection, language, accent, amplification, and/or any other suitable voice attributes) associated with the user&#39;s voice, one or more physical surroundings of the user (e.g., one or more physical objects proximate to and/or held by the user), and/or any other suitable information associated with the user.</i></blockquote>
There&#39;s also wording in the application regarding recognizing the tune a viewer is humming and reacting accordingly (presumably by contacting the nearest PRO and reporting an unlicensed public performance). It also leaves the option open for detecting other animate and inanimate objects, including pets and branded products. And, like Microsoft&#39;s application, Verizon&#39;s suggests the system will be able to distinguish between adults and children and activate parental controls.<br />
<br />
This being Verizon, the advertising watch-and-push isn&#39;t limited to the all-seeing DVR. The user&#39;s phone or tablet will most likely be receiving additional advertising or content based on what "ambient actions" are detected. I can only imagine the delighted thrill of customers watching their DVR shove ads onto their phones simply because they weren&#39;t paying enough attention to the ad on the TV screen.<br />
<br />
Once again, this is nothing more than a patent application, which doesn&#39;t necessarily mean this product will ever make it to market, USPTO &#39;OK&#39; or not. But it does give you some idea of Verizon&#39;s theories on where targeted advertising is headed.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121205/20395521250/dvr-that-watches-you-back-verizon-applies-ambient-action-detecting-device-patent.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121205/20395521250/dvr-that-watches-you-back-verizon-applies-ambient-action-detecting-device-patent.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121205/20395521250/dvr-that-watches-you-back-verizon-applies-ambient-action-detecting-device-patent.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>comes-with-pair-of-glue-on-googly-eyes-to-make-product-seem-fun-and-less-creepy</slash:department>
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<item>
<pubDate>Thu, 27 Sep 2012 02:55:03 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Michael Robertson Continues To Tempt Copyright Fate With UberTalk: Recordable Radio Directory Online</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120926/16145720520/michael-robertson-continues-to-tempt-copyright-fate-with-ubertalk-recordable-radio-directory-online.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120926/16145720520/michael-robertson-continues-to-tempt-copyright-fate-with-ubertalk-recordable-radio-directory-online.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Michael Robertson has a long history of pushing the boundaries of copyright law, by going where the <i>technology</i> allows, even if the law hasn't quite caught up yet.  As such, he frequently finds himself on the wrong end of legal actions from legacy players who hate being disrupted.  Last year, we wrote about his <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110614/01202214681/michael-robertson-tempts-copyright-fate-yet-again-with-darfm.shtml">DAR.fm effort</a>, which basically is an online DVR for broadcast radio.  He's now taking that even further, with <a href="http://ubertalk.com/" target="_blank">the launch of UberTalk</a>, an online directory of what's on radio right now (and in the future).  You know your basic online (or on screen) TV guides?  Yeah, UberTalk is that, but for radio -- with the convenient ability to play... or to record and time shift anything you'd like.
<center>
<a href="http://imgur.com/zaSER"><img src="http://i.imgur.com/zaSER.png" width=560 /></a>
</center>
Given the state of radio today, this seems really, really <i>useful</i>.  But, is it legal?  We've already seen <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111006/01221816229/darfm-receives-cease-desist-letting-people-record-radio-online.shtml">legal threats</a> pointed at DAR.fm, and I can't imagine that all the broadcast folks will like this either -- even though it only <i>increases</i> the value of their product by making it more easy to find and useful.
<br /><br />
What we're seeing, yet again, is how the technology allows for something really useful that adds value to both the content and for the users.  And yet... copyright law makes it very, very difficult to pull off.  Why?  Because copyright law is <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/blog/innovation/articles/20120913/23530420381/copyright-act-explicitly-says-disruptive-innovation-should-be-blocked.shtml">purposely</a> built around keeping the status quo, not about encouraging innovation.  So you have yet another clear case where it seems like copyright law is holding back "the progress" rather than helping to speed it along.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120926/16145720520/michael-robertson-continues-to-tempt-copyright-fate-with-ubertalk-recordable-radio-directory-online.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120926/16145720520/michael-robertson-continues-to-tempt-copyright-fate-with-ubertalk-recordable-radio-directory-online.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120926/16145720520/michael-robertson-continues-to-tempt-copyright-fate-with-ubertalk-recordable-radio-directory-online.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>what-technology-allows</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Thu, 12 Jul 2012 11:01:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Aereo Wins Round One Against Broadcasters; Judge Rejects Injunction &amp; Allows Service To Live</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120711/22343219668/aereo-wins-round-one-against-broadcasters-judge-rejects-injunction-allows-service-to-live.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120711/22343219668/aereo-wins-round-one-against-broadcasters-judge-rejects-injunction-allows-service-to-live.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ We've been covering the ridiculous <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/search.php?cx=partner-pub-4050006937094082%3Acx0qff-dnm1&cof=FORID%3A9&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=aereo">legal fight</a> over Aereo for a few months now.  If you don't remember, Aereo is a company that offers -- for a fee -- to let people watch over-the-air broadcast TV (not cable, so just the small number of broadcast stations) online.  Basically, what they do is set up antennas in a building in Brooklyn -- with one antenna per customer -- and then connect that antenna to the internet so the person can watch.  The TV broadcasters flipped out <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120302/00190517940/tv-networks-gang-up-to-sue-aereo-do-copyright-rules-change-based-length-cable.shtml">and sued</a>. 
<br /><br />
As we've noted, in essence, this is another lawsuit that asks the question: do the copyright rules change depending on the length of your cable.  That is, we know that it's legal to put up an antenna yourself and watch what you get.  That's how broadcast TV works.  We also know that it's almost certainly legal (it hasn't directly been tested) to take the legal TV you are accessing and then place-shift it so you can watch it over the internet (like with a Slingbox).  So, if you combine those two things, why would it suddenly be illegal?  The only real difference is that the antenna and the place shifting device sit in Aereo's building rather than in your own home.  So, it's just that the "cable" length between the users and the devices is longer.  Why should the length of the cable determine whether something is infringing or not?  In a few related legal cases, the rulings have been mixed.
<br /><br />
There was the <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110222/11395313211/court-not-impressed-with-ivis-legal-loopholes-shoots-online-tv-broadcaster-down.shtml">ivi</a> case, where the company offered a very similar service, but went with a different legal theory (relying on compulsory licensing rules)... which has so far been shot down in court.  Then there was <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110317/03194613525/if-remote-dvrs-are-legal-what-about-remote-dvd-players.shtml">the Zediva</a> case which relied on a very similar theory, but with DVDs (i.e., the company had a separate DVD player for each customer and let you watch movies streamed from that individual player).  In that case, the court issued <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111031/04020316568/mpaa-kills-more-innovation-zediva-shut-down-permanently.shtml">an injunction</a> and the company shut down.  Finally, there's the  <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090520/0255534947.shtml">Cablevision ruling</a> in which the TV guys went after Cablevision for offering a remote DVR feature.  In a somewhat convoluted, but important, ruling, it was found that a remote DVR could be legal and non-infringing.
<br /><br />
While the networks seriously argued that anything that caused anyone to think about cancelling their cable subscriptions could be <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120531/10124119152/tv-network-exec-argues-that-anything-that-causes-cable-subscribers-to-cut-cord-is-illegal.shtml">illegal</a>, the judge in the Aereo case, Alison Nathan, has <b>refused to grant a preliminary injunction</b> (basically doing the opposite of what happened in the Zediva ruling).  Zediva was in a different court (and only reached the district court level anyway) so that ruling had little direct influence here.  The Cablevision ruling, however, was pretty clearly instrumental in saving Aereo from being shut down.
<br /><br />
Much of the ruling focused on what seems like a relatively tangential question: whether Aereo is really creating an individual antenna for each customer, or if it's just building a giant single antenna.  More or less, it's a question of whether or not each individual antenna works with the others to better capture the signal.  This is also known as a totally stupid debate.  I mean, if you were to step back and just look at this from a <i>common sense</i> standpoint, you'd say the fact that Aereo has to set up a different antenna for each customer is pretty stupid.  There's no technical reason to do so, only a legal one.  It is an expense that serves only to satisfy a legal demand, which is by definition an inefficiency introduced into the market for no reason other than to keep lawyers happy.
<br /><br />
But, here, the judge ruled that the individual antenna theory applies, and thanks almost entirely to the Cablevision ruling, there's no reason to issue a preliminary injunction.  The networks tried some bizarre theories about why Cablevision didn't apply, but the judge saw through all of the attempts at misdirection:
<blockquote><i>
Despite this creative attempt to escape from the express holding of Cablevision, for the
reasons discussed below this Court finds itself constrained to reject the approach Plaintiffs urge.
Contrary to Plaintiffs' arguments, the copies Aereo's system creates are not materially
distinguishable from those in Cablevision, which found that the transmission was made from
those copies rather than from the incoming signal. Moreover, Plaintiffs' attempt to distinguish
Cablevision based on time-shifting fails when confronted with the reasoning of that case,
particularly considering that the Second Circuit's analysis was directly focused on the
significance of Cablevision' s copies but did not say one word to suggest that time-shifting played
any part in its holding.
</i></blockquote>
From there, the ruling goes into a wonderfully thorough debunking of the networks' attempt to ignore the ruling in Cablevision and a detailed explanation for why Aereo is quite similar to Cablevision.  In the end, the judge also bars the preliminary injunction due to the lack of irreparable harm if the service keeps going for the duration of the trial.  The court actually says that it can see how there is a clear case that the networks could suffer irreperable harm, in the form of losing viewers and advertisers -- but that since that "harm" is a longterm one, there's little reason to issue an injunction right now.  Separately, the court recognizes that an injunction would almost certainly be "irreparable harm" for Aereo, as it would effectively be a death sentence (as was the case with Zediva).   Either way, however, the level of detail the court uses in laying out why Aereo is so similar Cablevision does not bode well for the networks' overall case.
<br /><br />
This case is far from over, but in round one, the networks' key argument appears to have taken quite a beating.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120711/22343219668/aereo-wins-round-one-against-broadcasters-judge-rejects-injunction-allows-service-to-live.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120711/22343219668/aereo-wins-round-one-against-broadcasters-judge-rejects-injunction-allows-service-to-live.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120711/22343219668/aereo-wins-round-one-against-broadcasters-judge-rejects-injunction-allows-service-to-live.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>how-do-you-define-your-antenna</slash:department>
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<item>
<pubDate>Wed, 27 Jun 2012 10:34:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Hollywood &#038; The RIAA Won't Let Tech Save Them</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120622/11431819436/hollywood-riaa-wont-let-tech-save-them.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120622/11431819436/hollywood-riaa-wont-let-tech-save-them.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ We've discussed in the past how <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111029/08535816561/open-letter-to-chris-dodd-silicon-valley-cant-help-hollywood-if-you-first-cripple-it-with-bad-regulation.shtml">ridiculous</a> it is to claim that there's a fight between "Hollywood and Silicon Valley."  After all, the tech industry keeps creating the tools for Hollywood to succeed and broaden its market... and <i>every</i> time they do so, Hollywood responds by attacking those providing the tools.  Every innovation that created a vast new market from which to profit from has been attacked.  The gramophone.  Radio.  TV.  Cable TV.  The VCR. The MP3 player. YouTube. The DVR.  In the end, all of these created great new opportunities, but were attacked.  As we've said, it's a very strange war where one side (tech) is building all the weapons for the other side... only to see them point those new weapons at their own feet.
<br /><br />
Of course, it's actually even worse than that.  Because, not only does Hollywood point these new weapons at their own feet... they then try to sue and blame the tech industry for creating these same weapons.  It's a pretty hostile environment.
<br /><br />
And this is a massive problem <i>for Hollywood</i>.  Because, throughout history, it has been shown that the <b>only</b> solution that actually helps solve the "issue" of "piracy" is the creation of new and useful <i>legitimate</i> services.  And the entertainment industry is doing its best to scare everyone off from doing that by attacking each of those new services as it comes about.  Entrepreneur Tyler Crowley has a great analogy explaining how <a href="http://steepdecline.posterous.com/islands-of-opportunity" target="_blank">the entertainment industry is driving the very innovators it needs help from away</a>.  He talks about how entrepreneurs look at markets as "islands of opportunity."  He lists out a few, such as the Facebook island and the Apple island. 
<blockquote><i>
For tech folks, from the 35,000' view, there are islands of opportunity.  There's Apple Island, Facebook Island, Microsoft Island, among many others and yes there's Music Biz Island.  Now, we as tech folks have many friends who have sailed to Apple Island and we know that it's $99/year to doc your boat and if you build anything Apple Island will tax you at 30%.  Many of our friends are partying their asses off on Apple Island while making millions (and in some recent cases billions) and that sure sounds like a nice place to build a business. 
</i></blockquote>
He talks about a few other of these "islands of opportunity" (and does a nice job breaking them down).  But then he gets to the "music biz island" (which I'd argue is actually the "legacy entertainment biz island") and notes the hostile reception:
<blockquote><i>
Now, we also know of Music Biz Island which is where the natives start firing cannons as you approach, and if not stuck at sea, one must negotiate with the chiefs for 9 months before given permission to dock.  Those who do go ashore are slowly eaten alive by the native cannibals.  As a result, all the tugboats and lighthouses (investors, advisors) warn to stay far away from Music Biz Island, as nobody has ever gotten off alive.  If that wasn't bad enough, while Apple and Facebook Island are built with sea walls to protect from the rising oceans, Music Biz Island is already 5 ft under and the educated locals are fleeing for Topspin Island. 
</i></blockquote>
In other words, the good entrepreneurs, who actually can help the entertainment industry (some of whom tried in the past) are actively pushed away from helping.  And then the entertainment industry whines that no one wants to help them.  Perhaps they should look at being just a bit more welcoming...
<br /><br />
On a side note: Crowley's writeup was actually in response to a dinner gathering at some super super swank LA eatery that tried to bring together the heads of the major labels with some LA entrepreneurs.  That's actually encouraging, though, again, meeting in backrooms is still missing the point.  Why is it so hard for the industry to have a discussion in public?<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120622/11431819436/hollywood-riaa-wont-let-tech-save-them.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120622/11431819436/hollywood-riaa-wont-let-tech-save-them.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120622/11431819436/hollywood-riaa-wont-let-tech-save-them.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>fighting-the-wrong-fight</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20120622/11431819436</wfw:commentRss>
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<item>
<pubDate>Mon, 4 Jun 2012 05:03:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Cisco Has Enough Of TiVo Patent Claims, Files To Invalidate TiVo Patents</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120601/17160019178/cisco-has-enough-tivo-patent-claims-files-to-invalidate-tivo-patents.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120601/17160019178/cisco-has-enough-tivo-patent-claims-files-to-invalidate-tivo-patents.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Over the past few years, as competition in the DVR market has become tougher, TiVo has become more and more reliant on using its patents to stop competition and innovation, rather than focusing on competing in the marketplace.  its most famous case was the one <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20060413/1929250.shtml">against</a> EchoStar, which even included TiVo <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090625/2343205367.shtml">buying a bull</a> (literally) in Eastern Texas, where the district court case was heard.  While it won at the district court level, during the appeals process, the Patent Office suddenly indicated that the patents <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100608/1521449744.shtml">might not</a> be so solid.  Not long after that, TiVo and EchoStar worked out a <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110502/11360114119/guess-that-bull-texas-was-good-investment-echostar-agrees-to-pay-tivo-to-settle-patent-case.shtml">settlement</a>.
<br /><br />
TiVo found the process so enjoyable that it apparently started thinking about a <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110826/00210115693/tivo-apparently-considering-patent-trolling-as-second-act.shtml">second career</a> as a patent troll -- and has already sued Verizon and Motorola.  Not surprisingly, it's been pushing some others to license some patents... and at least one large player has had enough.  Cisco, owners of Scientific Atlanta, a maker of settop boxes and DVRs, has <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/01/us-tivo-cisco-lawsuit-idUSBRE85010320120601?feedType=RSS&#038;feedName=technologyNews&#038;utm_source=feedburner&#038;utm_medium=feed&#038;utm_campaign=Feed%3A reuters%2FtechnologyNews %28Reuters Technology News%29" target="_blank">filed a lawsuit seeking to invalidate four TiVo patents</a> -- or, if the patents are found valid, a declaratory judgment that it does not infringe.
<br /><br />
Of course, by filing first, Cisco was also able to file the case in San Jose, rather than letting TiVo try to get the case into Texas (despite the fact that both Cisco and Tivo are located not far from each other in Northern California).  As far as I know, TiVo has not purchased a bull in San Jose.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120601/17160019178/cisco-has-enough-tivo-patent-claims-files-to-invalidate-tivo-patents.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120601/17160019178/cisco-has-enough-tivo-patent-claims-files-to-invalidate-tivo-patents.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120601/17160019178/cisco-has-enough-tivo-patent-claims-files-to-invalidate-tivo-patents.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>offensively-defensive</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Fri, 25 May 2012 06:42:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>TV Networks File Legal Claims Saying Skipping Commercials Is Copyright Infringement</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120525/04185919074/tv-networks-file-legal-claims-saying-skipping-commercials-is-copyright-infringement.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120525/04185919074/tv-networks-file-legal-claims-saying-skipping-commercials-is-copyright-infringement.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Okay, we had <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120515/03152918920/tv-network-execs-contemplate-going-to-court-to-say-skipping-commercials-is-illegal.shtml">expected</a> the TV networks to possibly take legal action against DISH Networks for its new Auto Hopper technology, which allows DISH subscribers who use the Hopper feature (which records all prime time shows from the four major networks) to autoskip commercials, if they watch shows in the days after they originally air.  It wasn't a surprise that the TV networks <i>didn't like</i> this at all, but could they really make a <i>legal</i> argument that skipping commercials was against the law?  We've all heard the story of former Turner Broadcasting exec Jamie Kellner <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120515/03152918920/tv-network-execs-contemplate-going-to-court-to-say-skipping-commercials-is-illegal.shtml">claiming</a> that not watching commercials was "theft," but do the networks actually think there's a legal basis for such claims?
<br /><br />
It appears they do.  Though, the legal arguments are <i>insane</i>.
<br /><br />
As you may have heard by now, Fox, CBS and NBC Universal <a href="http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/24/dish-seeks-ruling-on-feature-that-skips-commercials/" target="_blank">have all sued DISH in California</a>.  At about the same time, DISH itself filed for declaratory judgment in New York against those three, and ABC, who hasn't yet filed suit, but perhaps will shortly.  I would imagine that all of the cases will be consolidated in one of the courts.
<br /><br />
What's scary, however, is that the TV networks appear to be using this lawsuit to claim that <i>skipping commercials is copyright infringement</i>.  <strike>I haven't yet seen the NBC filing</strike>, but the Fox and CBS filings both make this same basic argument.  <b>Update</b>: NBC filing is added below, and is nearly identical to the CBS filing, down to the very same lawyers. Fox first argues that merely recording the entire prime time lineup is making "bootleg" copies of the videos.  That's a rather stunning claim, and a <i>direct</i> challenge to the Supreme Court's ruling in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Corp._of_America_v._Universal_City_Studios,_Inc.">Betamax case</a>, which made it clear that time-shifting is legal.  The networks are claiming that this is not the same thing, because the "copies" aren't being made by the user, but by DISH itself for use by the user.  Beyond being a meaningless distinction, it's also not true.  As the Cablevision case concerning a "remote DVR" offered by the service provider showed, if the actions are at the request of the consumer, then it's <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080804/1218551884.shtml">the consumer</a> making the call.  With the DISH offering, the subscriber is still the one pushing the button and asking the DVR to record the shows.  Is it really that different that it takes one button rather than punching in a few shows?  That would be extraordinary -- but these filings are full of such extraordinary claims.
<br /><br />
Where the filings go really off the wall is in basically saying that skipping commercials is infringement.  They do this in the sections on "inducement," wherein they suggest that, even if DISH doesn't directly infringe, it is is inducing infringement by offering the auto commercial skip feature to users.  From the CBS filing:
<blockquote><em>
Users of the Hopper's PrimeTime AnyTime feature who record 
Plaintiff's prime-time shows and use the Hopper's Auto Hop feature to 
automatically skip commercials otherwise contained in those recordings infringe 
Plaintiffs' exclusive reproduction rights under section 106 of the Copyright Act,
</em></blockquote>
But this makes no sense.  Recording the show for later viewing is <i>already deemed legal</i>.  So the only difference here is <i>the intent</i> of the user to watch later to skip commercials.  Thus, CBS seems to be saying that merely wanting to avoid commercials <i>is, itself, direct copyright infringement</i>.  And, given that Auto Hop doesn't work until the day after the shows air, does that mean that it's legal to record the shows if you intend to watch them the same day... but the second your <i>intention</i> is to watch them later, it's copyright infringement?  That makes no sense and has absolutely no basis in the law.  And, uh, what happens if you record it with the intent to watch the next day and skip commercials... but then watch it the same day with the commercials?  The allegation above says merely recording the shows with intent to skip commercials is infringement, even if you don't actually skip the commercials!  That makes no sense.
<br /><br />
Fox's filing makes similar claims, insisting that DISH is inducing infringement because it "took active steps to encourage its subscribers to use Primetime Anytime to infringe FOX's copyrights."  But that's flat out malarkey.  It's <b>legal</b> for users to time shift shows.  That's established.  Yet, these filings seem to want to <i>totally ignore that</i>, and then assume that a user watching a DVR'd s how is automatically infringing on copyright because they might skip commercials.
<br /><br />
The argument makes absolutely no sense at all.  Effectively, the networks are trying to claim inducement to infringe... but do not (and, indeed, can not)  show what or who is actually infringing.  Time shifting is legal.  Not watching commercials is legal.  So, er, where's the copyright infringement, unless you completely throw out the Betamax ruling?
<br /><br />
The filings also go down the path of explaining how this disrupts their business model.  They honestly seem to be arguing for what some people have amusingly referred to as <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20071004/163314.shtml">"felony interference with a business model."</a>  They list out all the different ways they get companies and users to pay multiple times for the same content, and use that to suggest this must be illegal, even though DISH has a retransmission license and all the individual parts are legal.  I honestly don't understand this argument -- they're just claiming that because they don't like how end users engage with otherwise legal content, it must be illegal.  Fox even uses this to claim that DISH's offering is <i>not</i> "enhancing consumer choice."  Apparently, in the minds of TV network lawyers, what counts as "consumer choice" is limited to what the TV networks want to count as consumer choice... and any other choices are no choices at all.  Or something.
<br /><br />
There are a few slight differences in the lawsuits.  For example, Fox brings up the fact that DISH also offers the Slingbox to allow users to not just time-shift but also place shift, though fails to explain why that's an issue at all.  Fox also includes a breach of contract claim, which also may be difficult to support if all of the other actions prove to be legal.
<br /><br />
DISH's declaratory filing gives you a pretty clear sense of that company's argument, pointing out that this is a nice feature that consumers want, that this kind of technology is already widely in use, and that it's not clear how any of this is infringement.
<blockquote><i>
Auto Hop is a more efficient way of achieving what consumers already do with
standard DVRs. A 30-second skip feature is already standard on many DVR remote controls. It
permits viewers to automatically skip ahead in a recording, at the touch of a button, completely
bypassing a typical 30-second television commercial. The remote controls that come with DVRs
supplied by Comcast, an NBC affiliate, can be programmed to include this 30-second skip
feature. DISH has provided a 30-second skip feature for years. By pressing the 30-second skip
button multiple times, a viewer can elect to bypass the full complement of commercials between
show segments. Now, DISH allows the customer to opt to use an Auto Hop feature that is just
an extension of this 30-second skip function. It avoids the common frustration that occurs when
viewers, using the 30-second skip or plain fast-forwarding, overshoot the commercials and fastforward
into the television programming content that they really want to watch.
</i></blockquote>
DISH also points out that skipping commercials is not illegal:
<blockquote><i>
DISH's Auto Hop feature promotes consumer autonomy. Viewers have skipped
commercials for decades. Viewers commonly use the commercial break as a time to get up and
momentarily leave the room. Ever since the advent of the remote control, viewers have changed
channels or muted the sound during commercial breaks. And, since the advent of the VCR and
DVR, viewers playing back a show have fast-forwarded through commercials. DISH is simply
making it easier for viewers to refuse to be a captive audience and to exercise the well-accepted
choice to skip a commercial.
</i></blockquote>
I can't see how the networks' argument can stand very much legal scrutiny at all -- but stranger things have happened when copyright cases hit the court.  Still, the arguments here are so bizarre, and so unsupportable, you have to believe a judge will reject them quickly.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120525/04185919074/tv-networks-file-legal-claims-saying-skipping-commercials-is-copyright-infringement.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120525/04185919074/tv-networks-file-legal-claims-saying-skipping-commercials-is-copyright-infringement.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120525/04185919074/tv-networks-file-legal-claims-saying-skipping-commercials-is-copyright-infringement.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>wow</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20120525/04185919074</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Tue, 15 May 2012 12:56:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>TV Network Execs Contemplate Going To Court To Say Skipping Commercials Is Illegal</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120515/03152918920/tv-network-execs-contemplate-going-to-court-to-say-skipping-commercials-is-illegal.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120515/03152918920/tv-network-execs-contemplate-going-to-court-to-say-skipping-commercials-is-illegal.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Late last week Charlie Ergen and the folks at Dish Networks presented the TV networks with a bit of a conundrum.  You see, the company decided to actually give consumers what they want: setting up a special DVR system, called Auto Hop, that would let viewers not just automatically DVR the entire primetime lineup of all the major networks with the single push of a button -- but also <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/ericsavitz/2012/05/10/dish-offers-prime-tv-no-ads-can-they-get-away-with-that/" target="_blank"><i>to automatically skip commercials</i></a> when watching the playback, as long as it wasn't the same day the shows aired.  This is something that consumers clearly want -- which Dish execs were pretty upfront about:
<blockquote><i>
&#8220;Viewers love to skip commercials,&#8221; Vivek Khemka, vice president of DISH Product Management, said in a statement
</i></blockquote>
But, of course, who is a consumer in this market gets complicated pretty fast.  The TV networks, of course, make a fair bit of money from advertising on these shows, and they're not happy about any idea that means people might skip commercials.  Those of you who have been around for a bit may recall a few relevant stories.  First, there was Jamie Kellner, the former chair of Turner Broadcast Systems, who once <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20020715/0130220.shtml">claimed</a> that walking away from your TV while commercials aired was a form of theft.  Then, of course, there was the famous ReplayTV case.  If you don't recall, ReplayTV was an early competitor to TiVo, and in many regards a better product.  Among its features, it took an <i>already considered legal</i> feature from VCRs called "commercial skip" and added it to DVRs.  The industry sued, in large part because of this feature, which they considered to be breaking the law.
<br /><br />
Of course, the expense of the lawsuit resulted in Replay's parent company SonicBlue <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20030321/0842207.shtml">declaring bankruptcy</a>.  It then <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20030416/0820244.shtml">sold off</a> the remains to D&M, who tried relaunching a version of the product <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20030610/0940222.shtml">without</a> all the cool features people liked, and it went nowhere.  Eventually, DirecTV <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20071213/003602.shtml">bought</a> the remnants.  However, the basic lawsuit died out with the bankruptcy.  A bunch of ReplayTV users, led by Craig Newmark from Craigslist, actually tried to <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20020606/1011255.shtml">continue</a> the case on their own, to have those features declared legal, but after the networks <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20040112/0044252.shtml">promised</a> not to sue those users for using the features, the judge tossed the case.
<br /><br />
Left unresolved, of course, is whether or not features like commercial skip are actually legal.
<br /><br />
As some are pointing out, the TV networks may have <a href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/dish-network-ad-skipping-technology-323932?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter" target="_blank">missed a golden opportunity</a> by not continuing the fight against Craig and the other users, since they wouldn't be able to afford the bigtime lawyers that Ergen and Dish can easily toss out here.  So the TV networks basically have to make the decision if this is really a battle worth fighting.
<br /><br />
It does seem clear that the anti-consumer folks who run the TV networks would certainly like to slap Dish around for this move:
<blockquote><i>
"I think this is an attack on our eco-system," said NBC Broadcasting chairman Ted Harbert on a conference call Monday. "I'm not for it."
</i></blockquote>
Isn't it just like NBC to think that a tool that the public actually finds useful is an "attack" on their ecosystem?  At some point, in the way, way distant future, perhaps we'll live in an age where companies like NBC Universal recognize that, when things are more efficient and easier for consumers, it is a <i>good thing</i>, rather than something to freak out about and declare evil?<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120515/03152918920/tv-network-execs-contemplate-going-to-court-to-say-skipping-commercials-is-illegal.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120515/03152918920/tv-network-execs-contemplate-going-to-court-to-say-skipping-commercials-is-illegal.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120515/03152918920/tv-network-execs-contemplate-going-to-court-to-say-skipping-commercials-is-illegal.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>that-won't-go-over-well</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20120515/03152918920</wfw:commentRss>
</item>
<item>
<pubDate>Thu, 6 Oct 2011 16:13:51 PDT</pubDate>
<title>DAR.fm Receives Cease &#038; Desist For Letting People Record Radio Online</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111006/01221816229/darfm-receives-cease-desist-letting-people-record-radio-online.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111006/01221816229/darfm-receives-cease-desist-letting-people-record-radio-online.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Earlier this year, we wrote about Michael Robertson's latest project, <a href="http://dar.fm/" target="_blank">DAR.fm</a>, noting that he was <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110614/01202214681/michael-robertson-tempts-copyright-fate-yet-again-with-darfm.shtml" target="_blank">tempting copyright lawsuit fate again</a>.  DAR.fm is basically an online DVR for radio.  It lets you record and listen to all sorts of online radio programming.  As we noted at the time, it seemed inevitable that someone would challenge the legality of this -- but it seemed like the Second Circuit's ruling in the <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110311/01523313456/did-japan-korea-just-make-life-really-difficult-any-cloud-service-provider.shtml">Cablevision online DVR case</a> at least presented him with a case that supported his general view that such time shifting of radio, even if done remotely, is legal.
<br /><br />
Either way, it appears he's <a href="http://www.michaelrobertson.com/archive.php?minute_id=353" target="_blank">received his first cease &#038; desist</a>, which comes from Univision and is embedded below.  Robertson is making his case against Univision publicly, first pointing out that it seems to be reacting the same way the TV industry did to TiVo and ReplayTV:
<blockquote><i>
Ten years ago, ReplayTV and TiVo burst onto the scene introducing the digital video recorder (DVR) to the world. Immediately some predicted the end of the TV business because people could fast-forward through commercials. Lawsuits put ReplayTV out of business (in spite of superior technology). Eventually cooler heads prevailed and the technology thrived to the point where nearly half of American households have a DVR. Consumers could, for the first time, enjoy their favorite programming at a time convenient for them. Thanks in large part to the DVR, TV viewing is up 40% over the last decade which is especially notable given that competition for consumer attention has stiffened due to internet browsing, Skype, video games, and social networking.
<br /><br />
You would think that with this backdrop radio companies would welcome DVR technology into their own industry and many probably will but at least one doesn't - Univision.
</i></blockquote>
He goes on to make the case that such time shifting is quite common and legal.  In fact, he points out that Univision is more known for its TV stations, and are they really arguing that a DVR is legal for video, but a DAR is not for audio?
<blockquote><i>
While recording broadcasted material may be new to radio, it's not new to society and surely Univision must know that. Nearly 50% of US households have a DVR today. Univision's TV business dwarfs its radio business. It's likely that millions of people are making recordings of Univision TV shows as I write this. And some may be blinking their eyes or listening from another room transforming these video recordings into audio recordings. Similarly, internet users can capture online articles for later viewing using popular services like <a href="http://www.readitlater.com/">Readitlater</a> and <a href="http://www.instapaper.com/">Instapaper</a> and some may be doing that from the Univision.com website. If it's legal in those channels it only makes sense that the same functionality is legal for radio.
<br /><br />
In their demand letter Univision says that no court has addressed the legality of "precisely" the kind of service offered by <a href="http://DAR.fm/">DAR.fm</a>. Well of course not the PRECISE service, but darn close. The case is called Cartoon Network v Cablevision. Cablevision wanted to offer a remote DVR service and media companies sued them alleging copyright infringement. (You can read assessment of this critically important case <a href="http://michaelrobertson.com/archive.php?minute_id=299">here</a>.) Courts eventually ruled that a centralized recording service did not require a license from media companies and was not a copyright infringement. Cablevision now commercially offers this service under the name <a href="http://goo.gl/j1mle">DVR Plus</a>. Other companies have begun offering online recording services.
</i></blockquote>
It will come as little surprise that I think DAR.fm should be legal, but the courts can be funny about this kind of thing.  Even though, functionally, it may seem identical to a DVR, having it actually go to court is a crapshoot.  Still, if Univision is smart, it'll back down on this.  Making their stations and programs more difficult to listen to hardly seems like a compelling business strategy.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111006/01221816229/darfm-receives-cease-desist-letting-people-record-radio-online.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111006/01221816229/darfm-receives-cease-desist-letting-people-record-radio-online.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111006/01221816229/darfm-receives-cease-desist-letting-people-record-radio-online.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>how-dare-they</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20111006/01221816229</wfw:commentRss>
</item>
<item>
<pubDate>Wed, 15 Jun 2011 12:28:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Michael Robertson Tempts Copyright Fate Yet Again With DAR.fm</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110614/01202214681/michael-robertson-tempts-copyright-fate-yet-again-with-darfm.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110614/01202214681/michael-robertson-tempts-copyright-fate-yet-again-with-darfm.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ I used to <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20051018/2347253.shtml">joke</a> that every company founded by Michael Robertson had a very simple "marketing plan": get sued by someone big.  So many of his startups ended up in lawsuits with big names, which helped generate even more attention for them.  But, of course, part of the reason for that is that he continually stretches the technology to do what it obviously can and should be able to do, well before the law (and legacy companies) adapt to handle such things.  It's why many people have been pointing out that for all the hype around Apple's new "Music Match" service, it sounds remarkably like what Robertson did a decade ago with MP3.com.
<br><br>
Speaking of Robertson and lawsuits, Robertson's MP3tunes.com is still engaged in its big <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091019/1848596602.shtml">legal fight</a> with EMI, which may help determine the legality of online music locker services, but Robertson clearly isn't waiting around for that.  Built on top of MP3tunes.com, he's also <a href="http://dar.fm/" target="_blank">launched DAR.fm</a>, which is effectively an online DVR for all internet audio/radio.  You can just set up what you want to record, and the site records it and stores it in an MP3tunes locker.  At first I didn't think there was all that much interesting here -- the world already has podcasts, and did it really need a way to record online radio separately?  However, things get a bit more interesting when you dig into the details, and you realize there's an interesting copyright situation... and a potential lawsuit waiting to happen.
<br><br>
As David Pogue pointed out in his <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/26/technology/personaltech/26pogue.html?_r=1" target="_blank">review of DAR.fm</a>, beyond just <i>recording</i> the shows, it has an interesting feature:
<blockquote><i>
Actually, maybe this part is even better: Many radio stations transmit the names of the songs and bands they&rsquo;re playing. DAR.fm captures that information and detects song breaks. In other words, if you record a day or so of a music station, you&rsquo;ve suddenly got a tidy list of songs, identified (and sortable) by title or band. You can listen to individual songs, skip the turkeys and otherwise enjoy your totally free song collection. It&rsquo;s crazy cool, like a hybrid of iTunes and satellite radio.
</i></blockquote>
Of course, there have been desktop software products that have done the same thing for ages.  But automatically dumping the mp3s into a music locker, which -- unlike the Google's <strike>and Amazon</strike> music locker that have launched recently -- actually lets you download the mp3s in your locker, is something the labels surely won't like.  In fact, lots of folks are <a href="http://www.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2011/06/09/darfm_sounds_doomed_alas/" target="_blank">predicting that lawsuits are on the way</a>:
<blockquote><i>
Internet entrepreneur Michael Robertson has just launched his own economic stimulus program. He&rsquo;s going to provide jobs for a lot of lawyers.
<br><Br>
That&rsquo;s because Robertson has created a new online service called DAR.fm, which delivers a new way to listen to Internet radio streams. DAR.fm is a digital recorder for audio streams, capturing your favorite Internet radio shows whenever they&rsquo;re broadcast so you can listen to them later. It works, it&rsquo;s wonderful, and it&rsquo;s very possibly doomed, because the world&rsquo;s leading music recording companies will probably come after it with every attorney they have.
</i></blockquote>
But, here's the thing: does such a service actually infringe?  It's pretty clearly established that basic time shifting, such as with a TiVo, is considered legal.  Separately, with the Second Circuit's <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110311/01523313456/did-japan-korea-just-make-life-really-difficult-any-cloud-service-provider.shtml">Cablevision ruling</a> (and the Supreme Court's refusal to hear the appeal), many consider the idea of a remote DVR to now be legal as well.
<br><br>
What it really comes down to is that such a service has the potential to <i>upset</i> the record labels (and radio broadcasters as well), but that, by itself, shouldn't be illegal.  Instead this is Robertson demonstrating, yet again, what the technology makes possible, even if it's disruptive to those who don't realize that the distinction between a stream and a download and local and remote storage is basically irrelevant in an era of widespread broadband connectivity.  But, being disruptive and demonstrating the power of technology doesn't make you immune from lawsuits... and judges often aren't so savvy on these issues.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110614/01202214681/michael-robertson-tempts-copyright-fate-yet-again-with-darfm.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110614/01202214681/michael-robertson-tempts-copyright-fate-yet-again-with-darfm.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110614/01202214681/michael-robertson-tempts-copyright-fate-yet-again-with-darfm.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>power-of-the-possible</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20110614/01202214681</wfw:commentRss>
</item>
<item>
<pubDate>Mon, 6 Dec 2010 22:35:00 PST</pubDate>
<title>Singapore Appeals Court Says Internet DVR Is Legal</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20101206/00402412142/singapore-appeals-court-says-internet-dvr-is-legal.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20101206/00402412142/singapore-appeals-court-says-internet-dvr-is-legal.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ About a year ago, we wrote about a lawsuit in Singapore, questioning whether or not the operator of an online DVR, RecordTV, was violating copyrights by letting users record and access TV shows online.  The service only worked on shows broadcast over the air, and only for users who could show that they had paid their TV license and were legally allowed to access the content in question.  The case had many similarities to the famous case in the US concerning Cablevision's remote DVR, which was eventually <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080804/1218551884.shtml">declared legal</a>, much to the chagrin of the entertainment industry.  While the Singapore district court discussed the Cablevision ruling, it eventually ruled (partially) against RecordTV, though the judge really seemed conflicted, and seemed to suggest that the case clearly could have gone either way, since Singaporean copyright law didn't really speak to this situation.  However, the appeals court has now reversed that ruling.  The appeals court ruling is fascinating reading (full ruling after the jump), noting that the lower court appeared to have a "too technical reading" of the current copyright law -- specifically reading much more into what the word "communication" means, with a specific discussion about the old "making available" question.  Nice to see courts recognizing that otherwise legal tools like DVRs shouldn't become illegal just because they're online.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20101206/00402412142/singapore-appeals-court-says-internet-dvr-is-legal.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20101206/00402412142/singapore-appeals-court-says-internet-dvr-is-legal.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20101206/00402412142/singapore-appeals-court-says-internet-dvr-is-legal.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>good-news</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20101206/00402412142</wfw:commentRss>
</item>
<item>
<pubDate>Tue, 8 Jun 2010 21:05:20 PDT</pubDate>
<title>TiVo's 'Big Win' Over Dish On Patents Looking Less And Less Solid, As Patent Office Rejects Patent Claims</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100608/1521449744.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100608/1521449744.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Early on TiVo had won pretty much of all of its patent battles with EchoStar over its DVR technology, perhaps helped along by a bit of <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090625/2343205367.shtml">bull buying</a> in Texas.  We had noted, however, that the USPTO had <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090806/0231595785.shtml">expressed concerns</a> over the validity of the patents, and we wondered why the court case would move forward while the patents themselves might be rejected by the Patent Office.  But, the case did go forward, and while TiVo initially won at the appeals court level (which made it so happy that it <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090826/1945196009.shtml">sued others</a> and <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090714/1051555544.shtml">demanded ridiculous sums</a> from EchoStar), things haven't been looking quite so good lately.
<br /><br />
Last month, the appeals court <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100514/0953459428.shtml">vacated</a> the earlier decision, and agreed to rehear the case.  And, now, it turns out that the USPTO <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6575WC20100608?type=technologyNews&#038;feedType=RSS&#038;feedName=technologyNews&#038;utm_source=feedburner&#038;utm_medium=feed&#038;utm_campaign=Feed%3A reuters%2FtechnologyNews %28News %2F US %2F Technology%29" target="_blank">has rejected two patent claims</a> that were a key part of this fight.  Of course, as TiVo is quick to point out, this isn't the end of the review process, but it certainly raises serious questions about the validity of the patents TiVo is basing its whole strategy on.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100608/1521449744.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100608/1521449744.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100608/1521449744.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>oops</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20100608/1521449744</wfw:commentRss>
</item>
<item>
<pubDate>Tue, 18 May 2010 09:04:57 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Remember How Hollywood Promised Lots Of New Content If It Could Break Your TV/DVR? Yeah, That's Not Happening...</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100518/0215119458.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100518/0215119458.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ With Hollywood getting the right to <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100507/1450489342.shtml">break your TV and DVR</a> thanks to the FCC's granting of a waiver to let them use selectable output control to stop DVRs from recording certain movies, the MPAA insisted that this was a huge win for consumers.  Why?  Because it meant that the Hollywood studios would rush to put movies on TV earlier than ever before.  Except... apparently, that's not actually the case.  Despite the victory, no studios have stepped up to make use of the new ability to stop your DVR from recording, because they're <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/18/business/media/18movies.html?src=twt&#038;twt=nytimestech" target="_blank">scared about how the movie theaters will react</a> to greater competition.  Of course, the theaters are notoriously <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100224/0307478286.shtml">unwilling</a> to allow any threat of actual competition from home viewership to encroach on their turf, even if it could actually <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100426/1032169168.shtml">help theaters</a>.
<br /><br />
But, uh, the whole argument that supposedly convinced the FCC to give the Hollywood studios this waiver was that they would make use of it to give consumers more access.  Quoting from the FCC's decision:
<blockquote><i>
This offering will allow the homebound, parents with young children, and others who simply want to stay in for the night to choose a
new entertainment option that they may value highly.... 
<br /><br />
 [On] balance, grant of MPAA's waiver request will provide a benefit to those who have the appropriate
equipment and would like to view movies in their homes in an early release window that outweighs the
limited impact on consumers with legacy devices....
</i></blockquote>
So, a large part of the basis of the FCC approval was that it would increase content availability to homes.  But that's not happening.  Does that mean the FCC will admit that the entire basis for the approval was wrong?
<br /><br />
Oh, and my favorite part is how the MPAA is playing this.  Acting MPAA boss Bob Pisano put out the <a href="http://www.slashfilm.com/2010/05/07/fcc-will-allow-movie-studios-to-broadcast-directly-to-your-home-what-does-this-mean-for-theaters/" target="_blank">following statement</a> when the FCC's announcement was made on May 17th:
<blockquote><i>
"This action is an important victory for consumers who will now have <b>far greater access</b> to see recent high definition movies in their homes.  And it is a major step forward in the <b>development of new business models</b> by the motion picture industry to respond to growing consumer demand..." (emphasis added)
</i></blockquote>
So, gee, what does Pisano have to say, just a few days later when it turns out that <i>none of that is true</i>?
<blockquote><i>
When asked about the studios' plans late last week, Bob Pisano, the president of the Motion Picture Association of America, said, "I can't tell you that, because I don't know." To comply with antitrust law, he added, "we stay out of business-model decisions."
</i></blockquote>
Uh huh.  So, let me get this straight.  He argued -- successfully -- to the FCC, that granting this waiver to break people's TVs and DVRs would certainly create new business models and allow much more content to be available earlier.  But, when it comes to actually supporting that, he claims that the MPAA "stays out" of business model decisions?  So, how could he possibly have promised such "new business models" to the FCC in the first place?<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100518/0215119458.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100518/0215119458.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100518/0215119458.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>well-that-was-useful</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20100518/0215119458</wfw:commentRss>
</item>
<item>
<pubDate>Tue, 13 Apr 2010 22:01:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>The Number of People Giving Up TV for the Web Is Slowly Gaining Pace</title>
<dc:creator>Carlo Longino</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100413/0915408997.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100413/0915408997.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ A new report estimates that some <a href="http://techcrunch.com/2010/04/13/800000-households-abandoned-tvs-web/?utm_source=feedburner&#038;utm_medium=feed&#038;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Techcrunch+%28TechCrunch%29&#038;utm_content=Google+Reader">800,000 American households now watch TV only via the Web</a>, as the move to abandon cable, satellite or OTA broadcasts starts to gather pace. This represents a small percentage of the pay TV industry's 101 million subscribers, but the number is expected to double by the end of next year. These are the earliest adopters, though, and they account for just 3 percent of all full-episode online television viewing -- meaning that plenty of people are already supplanting their standard TV viewing with online episodes. It's clear already (and has been for some time) that TV viewers are undertaking a fundamental change in how they want to access and view content. The combination of the Web and DVRs allowing on-demand viewing has made the linear TV channel something of an outdated concept, and at some point, TV providers will need to realize that on-demand shows are now how a growing number of people want to receive their programming. 
<br /><br />
Cable companies, for one, recognize this to a certain extent, so they've responded with TV Everywhere, a plan to offer programming online. But that plan is <a href="http://techdirt.com/articles/20100323/0228158668.shtml">doomed to failure</a> because it's being implemented in the hamfisted way you might expect from cable companies, and is set up simply to force people to keep paying for cable if they want to watch shows online. If the plan to capitalize on online viewers is first to force them to keep paying for something they don't want, then by further embracing the "features" of current systems that <a href="http://techdirt.com/articles/20090918/0140316234.shtml">drive users away</a>, it's hard to see TV companies having a whole lot of success. The key is not to shoehorn the cable model onto the web, but to embrace the positive features enabled by the web and apply them to the rest of their business.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100413/0915408997.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100413/0915408997.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100413/0915408997.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>cord-cutting</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20100413/0915408997</wfw:commentRss>
</item>
<item>
<pubDate>Mon, 4 Jan 2010 08:10:00 PST</pubDate>
<title>Singapore Court Rules That Online DVR Is Infringing... While Noting How Copyright Law Isn't Really Set Up For This</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091231/0258107558.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091231/0258107558.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ As copyright-watchers are well aware, recently there was an important case that went through the US court system over whether or not cable company Cablevision could <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20060410/0839223.shtml">provide a remote DVR</a> service.  Effectively, Cablevision was setting up a bank of TiVo-like devices at its own datacenter, and allowing users to record and playback shows as if they were recording them on a DVR settop box sitting under their television.  The only real difference is where the box is (or, you might say, how long the wire is between the TV and the DVR). Since it's already well established that time-shifting is perfectly legal it was difficult to see how anyone could make the argument that Cablevision's setup was infringing.  The only difference was the length of the wire.  But, of course, the TV guys objected strenuously with <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090114/2123083415.shtml">bizarre analogies</a> that didn't make much sense.
<br /><br />
The appeals court <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080804/1218551884.shtml">sided with Cablevision</a>, saying that such  a service doesn't infringe, and the Supreme Court chose <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090629/1016515400.shtml">not to hear the appeal</a>, so this ruling stands, at least in the Second Circuit, for the time being.  But what was most telling about the actual appeals court ruling was how the judges had to contort themselves into all sorts of odd ways to make such a ruling make sense under the law.  The conclusion clearly made sense.  Copyright law wouldn't make any sense at all if the length of a wire could change something from infringing to non-infringing.  And yet, there were ways to read copyright law that would have found in favor of the networks.  The issue is really twofold.  First, technology advances faster than copyright law, and the conditions that were in place when the law was written aren't the same as what happens later.  Second, to deal with this our esteemed elected officials simply apply duct tape-like patches to copyright law, adding new definitions and categories, that didn't exist before.  But, then when new technologies come along, the question is what categories do the resulting outputs fall into, and the arguments are often about who gets to categorize the output to their benefit.
<br /><br />
It appears that the US is not the only country going through this sort of debate.  I've been alerted to a recent ruling in Singapore that actually <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/24625172/RTV-Judgment-Dd-21-Dec-2009" target="_blank">comes to a different conclusion</a> and finds infringing behavior on the part of the service provider.  The story here is slightly different.  In this case, the company is RecordTV -- a separate service, rather than provided by the cable company itself.  Also, it's a web-based service, rather than a TV-based one.  Users log in and can designate which shows (only from Singaporean channels that broadcast over-the-air) they want to record, and the service will record those shows and make them accessible to that user only for a limited amount of time.  There is one 
other complicating factor, in that the way RecordTV works has shifted over time.  Initially it would record a show once and allow anyone who requested that recording to access the single file.  But later it switched to keeping a separate recording of each show that someone requested, which seems massively inefficient in terms of storage.
<br /><br />
  What's stunning again, however, as you read through the ruling is how conflicted the judge appears to be.  There's a ridiculous amount of "on the one hand, on the other hand, but on the other other hand"-type reasoning found throughout the ruling, which you can see below:
<center>
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</center>
It's also interesting to see that, despite this ruling being in Singapore, under Singaporean rule, the discussion spends a lot of time looking at the Cablevision case in the US (and some other US and UK cases as well).
<br /><br />
So, why does the judge come to a different conclusion?  Well, it almost feels like it depended on which eventual flip of the coin came up which way.  The judge agrees with the basic ruling in Cablevision that it is not the service provider who is liable for direct infringement.  As in the Cablevision case, it's the end users who "pushes the button" and thus is actually responsible for the action.  All good.  But, the lawsuit also focused on a secondary level of infringement, and here the court found that RecordTV, while not liable for the actual recording, <i>could</i> be found liable of secondary infringement in the later <i>transmission</i> of the content.
<br /><br />
This seems like a total headscratcher.  So a user is responsible for recording the file, but not responsible for then accessing it (recognize that the user accessing the file is the same as the service provider transmitting it)?  How does that make sense?
<br /><br />
There is a second issue also, which is that the court had trouble with the fact that RecordTV meant to be a commercial enterprise in which it would make money by having ads.  It used this issue as one of a few factors that removed a "fair dealing/fair use" defense by the company.  Again, though, there's a lot of "on the one hand, on the other hand" type debates in the ruling until the judge basically says that under the law, as it stands, the site is guilty of infringement.  But even it seems really troubled by what this means from a practical perspective:
<blockquote><i>
I leave open the possibility that such a DVR or VCR product or service, operating remotely or locally, digitally or via analog means, could amount to fair dealing under our Copyright Act </i>only<i> for the non-commercial facilitation of end-users' time shifting.  As we have seen earlier... it is inconsistent that the VCR is permitted to be sold at a price (in stores) but the [remote] DVR (through advertising revenue) is not, but until the occasion requires, I shall not make any pronouncements on this anomaly.
</i></blockquote>
And there you are.  Even the judge seems to recognize that it's silly to find one service infringing and the other not, but basically says that with the way copyright law is set up, that's the ruling that makes sense.
<br /><br />
Finally, this should be worrisome on all sorts of levels for a variety of online services that seek to replicate perfectly legal analog equivalents.  The fact that where a storage device is stored or how long a wire is could totally change the legality of a product should suggest that something is seriously wrong with copyright law.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091231/0258107558.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091231/0258107558.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091231/0258107558.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>it-sure-is-confusing</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20091231/0258107558</wfw:commentRss>
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<item>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Nov 2009 03:57:00 PST</pubDate>
<title>Suing For Patent Infringement No Replacement For Actually Building A Real Business</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091125/1306497092.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091125/1306497092.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ TiVo has been spending a lot of effort <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090826/1945196009.shtml">suing others for patent infringement</a>, but apparently not very much on actually improving their own services and giving customers a reason to buy them over the competition.  So while it may be winning some of its patent lawsuits, it hasn't helped much for the business, which <a href="http://www.dslreports.com/shownews/105641" target="_blank">is rapidly bleeding customers</a> and losing marketshare.  TiVo basically created this market and owned it for years -- but then got complacent.  Now, since it can't compete, it's gone to a litigation strategy.  Perhaps it should have focused more on providing value and competing rather than suing.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091125/1306497092.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091125/1306497092.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091125/1306497092.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>more-focus-on-executing,-less-on-suing</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20091125/1306497092</wfw:commentRss>
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<item>
<pubDate>Mon, 2 Nov 2009 11:55:00 PST</pubDate>
<title>Once Again: DVRs Not Killing TV, But Helping It</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091101/2150456755.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091101/2150456755.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ It's becoming almost comical how often this happens: a new technology comes along for consuming/watching/listening/distributing some sort of entertainment content, and the industry <i>freaks out</i>.  The technology is going to destroy the industry, and laws must be put in place, royalties must be paid, technology must be crippled, etc.  And yet... the impending doomsday scenario never shows up.  The player piano did not kill the sheet music market.  The gramophone did not kill live concerts.  The VCR did not kill the movie industry.  And, here we are, with TV folks <i>finally</i> <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/02/business/media/02ratings.html?pagewanted=all" target="_blank">realizing that the DVR is not killing TV, but actually helping it</a>.  Basically, lots of people still watch ads, even if they're watching a time-delayed program.  What's funny is that throughout the article you have execs insisting that this was a shock to everyone and no one could have predicted it.  Except, of course, we wrote about the same basic thing <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20060407/1720246.shtml">three and a half years ago</a>.  But no one listens to us.
<br /><br />
The article doesn't even mention the biggest benefit to DVRs -- even beyond the fact that people watching them still watch commercials: that it allows people to become more connected to certain shows, since they're less likely to ever miss an episode.  That makes them more likely to watch those shows regularly (with or without the commercials).  If someone can't keep up otherwise, they'll just let the show go entirely.
<br /><br />
The other amusing finding in the article is that NBC's attempt to "DVR-proof" itself by moving Jay Leno to 10pm (on the theory that more people would watch it live when they couldn't fast forward through the ads) has totally backfired.  That's because it <i>also</i> means that if people miss the show, they don't go back and watch it days later (who wants to watch stale jokes?) -- so fewer ads get watched in the long run (compared to a show that would be recorded and watched later).  Oops.  In the meantime, can we go back to those TV execs who were <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20051122/0945252.shtml">threatening to sue TiVo</a> just a few years ago, and ask for an apology for wasting everyone's time?<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091101/2150456755.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091101/2150456755.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091101/2150456755.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>think-this-through-a-bit</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20091101/2150456755</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Fri, 16 Oct 2009 13:58:15 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Public Knowledge Points Out MPAA's Lies On Why It Wants To Break Your TV</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091016/0323276561.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091016/0323276561.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ For quite some time now, the MPAA has been asking the FCC for permission to <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090903/0312496093.shtml">break your TV</a>, so you won't be able to record certain movies shown on TV.  Specifically, it wants to be allowed to use something called "Selectable Output Control" to tell DVRs that they can't record a show.  It's basically the whole "broadcast flag" concept all over again.  The MPAA's argument for why it needs this makes no sense at all.  It basically makes two arguments, neither of which are true.  The first is that they need this in order to be able to put movies on TV earlier.  This is not true.  There's <i>nothing</i> stopping the studios from putting movies on TV earlier, other than a misguided fear that people will "pirate them."  And that's the second problem: even the industry admits that the movies they'd release on TV are <i>already pirated</i> and available on file sharing networks, so it's not like having this would stop that.  The movies will still get out there.  SOC won't stop piracy at all -- but it will piss off a ton of people who bought a DVR expecting to be able to record what they want to watch.
<br /><br />
Consumer rights group Public Knowledge, thankfully, has now sent a letter<a href="http://www.publicknowledge.org/node/2698" target="_blank">explaining all of this to the FCC</a>:
<blockquote><i>
"The MPAA has submitted no proof that grant of the waiver will serve the public interest at all. To the contrary, what proof exists in the record shows that the 'problem' of a longer window for release of movies to MVPDs than for release on DVDs is a business decision made by MPAA's members. Rather than shed crocodile tears for the poor shut-ins and busy parents who must either subscribe to NETFLIX to get the earlier window or wait a whole thirty days, MPAA's members could simply negotiate a shorter release window."
</i></blockquote>
Hopefully the FCC listens.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091016/0323276561.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091016/0323276561.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091016/0323276561.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>nice-work</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20091016/0323276561</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2009 15:01:39 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Cable Lobbyists Side With MPAA On Getting Permission To Break Your TV</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090918/0205336236.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090918/0205336236.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ As Hollywood keeps asking for permission from the FCC to <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090903/0312496093.shtml">break your TV</a> with Selectable Output Control, it's picked up an unsurprising ally.  Cable companies.  NCTA, the lobbying group that represents the cable industry <a href="http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/09/time-warner-cable-let-us-lock-down-your-tv-and-well-offer-movies-sooner.ars?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=rss" target="_new">has come out in favor of the request</a>, claiming that it will let them offer movies earlier.  This is a myth that they want regulators to believe.  The MPAA and cable companies <i>could</i> offer up movies whenever they want.  They just don't want people to record them, because they want to introduce yet another annoying window.  So, they declare that they need to break your TV and DVR from recording.  Hopefully, the FCC knows better than to break TVs and piss off so many people just because Hollywood is upset some people will want to record movies.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090918/0205336236.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090918/0205336236.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090918/0205336236.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>not-really-a-surprise</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20090918/0205336236</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Thu, 3 Sep 2009 11:21:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Hollywood Asks FCC For Permission To Break Your DVR Again</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090903/0312496093.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090903/0312496093.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Every <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/search.php?site=&#038;cx=partner-pub-4050006937094082%3Acx0qff-dnm1&#038;cof=FORID%3A9&#038;ie=ISO-8859-1&#038;q=selectable+output+control">few months</a> for the past year and a half or so, the MPAA has basically begged the FCC to let it make use of "selectable output control" on televisions to block DVRs from recording stuff shown on TV.  The MPAA claims this is necessary to <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080805/1501391901.shtml">release certain movies</a> on TV, but that's hogwash.  Rather than focusing on what consumers want, the movie studios are simply trying to add in yet another "window" to try to squeeze more money out of people.  And, of course, like any DRM system, it won't do a damn thing to stop file sharing of the content (all anyone needs is one copy, and by the time any movie is broadcast on TV, it's too late, the content is out there).  All this would do is piss off legitimate viewers, who are pissed off because their TiVos didn't record some movie, despite it being on TV.
<br /><br />
In the MPAA's most recent attempt, it's back to begging the FCC, but Matthew Lasar notes that the MPAA is finally <a href="http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/09/movie-studios-again-demand-hdtv-disabling-powers-from-fcc.ars" target="_new">admitting that if it gets its way, it may actually require some people to buy new equipment</a>.  So, not only will the plan functionally break lots of DVRs by not letting them do the one thing they're designed to do (record what's on TV), but they may break other parts of the process as well, such that people will need to buy new equipment.
<br /><br />
And all for what?  It won't stop or even slow down file sharing.  But it will piss off a lot of people.  The MPAA insists that it physically <i>cannot</i> release movies on TV prior to its DVD release unless it gets this DRM enabled.  But that's ridiculous.  If the studios wanted to they could absolutely release the movies for TV viewing prior to the DVD release.  It won't change a thing.  But they really, really, really want to believe the myth that somehow file sharing magically goes away, and no legitimate customers get annoyed, when they try to lock up their content.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090903/0312496093.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090903/0312496093.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090903/0312496093.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>because-pissing-off-consumers-is-always-a-good-strategy</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20090903/0312496093</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2009 22:24:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Is Cablevision Caving On Remote DVR?</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090520/0255534947.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090520/0255534947.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ One of the more important copyright lawsuit decisions was last years appeals court ruling in the <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080804/1218551884.shtml">Cablevision remote DVR case</a>, which we discussed at length at the time.  Cablevision built a remote DVR system.  It was almost exactly like a TiVo, except that the device sat in a Cablevision datacenter, rather than next to your television.  Functionally, it was no different.  It really was just the length of the wire and where the box sat.  Now, using a DVR in your home to record TV is perfectly legal.  But the TV networks hate that, even though DVRs may actually have <a href="http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13528310" target="_new">helped the TV industry</a> by making it easier for people to watch their favorite shows (no one ever said they were good at figuring out the big picture).  So they sued Cablevision, claiming that because the box sat on Cablevision's property, it was no longer legal and now it was copyright infringement.  
<br /><br />
The networks love to set up absolutely <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090114/2123083415.shtml">ridiculous explanations</a> like saying that Cablevision is like the person who sets up a gun to go off when a door opens, so it's not the person who opens the door who commits the murder, but the person who set it up.  Except... that makes no sense.  Murder is illegal.  Recording a TV show for personal use is not.  A more accurate analogy would be like setting up a pillow to fall on someone when you open the door.  That's not illegal for either the person who opened the door, or the person who set it up... because the action (falling pillow/recording a show for personal use) is perfectly legal.  But the networks want to ignore this, and tried to twist copyright law by saying that because Cablevision's remote DVR creates a buffer version for a fraction of a second, it's making a copy, and thus violating copyright law.  Seriously.
<br /><br />
While a district court bought the argument, the appeals court (thankfully) pointed out how ridiculous this interpretation of the law was, and said the device is legal.  The networks are now appealing to the Supreme Court, and the court has <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090113/0023013388.shtml">asked the Obama administration for input</a>.  I know there's been massive lobbying from a lot of different parties trying to get the administration up to speed on the detailed issues, and hopefully the important points get across.  While this may seem like a trivial issue, it could impact nearly every online service, that suddenly becomes liable for making a "buffer" copy on its own servers based on something you do on your computer.  Lots of "cloud" computing services could suddenly face massive copyright liabilities.
<br /><br />
Still... while we wait for the Supreme Court to go one way or the other with this, it appears that Cablevision has been <a href="http://www.dslreports.com/shownews/Cablevision-Network-DVR-This-Summer-102516" target="_new">negotiating a compromise on the device</a>, which (as Broadband Reports notes) probably means making things a lot worse for consumers (funny how that works).  Once again, we'd have a scenario where content companies are killing off innovation because they're unable to adapt themselves -- and that's a really sad outcome.  However, it might also lead to an end of the lawsuit, which could leave the appeals court ruling standing (which would be a good thing, rather than risk a Supreme Court overturn).<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090520/0255534947.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090520/0255534947.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090520/0255534947.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>hopefully-not...</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20090520/0255534947</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 2009 07:00:00 PST</pubDate>
<title>Supreme Court Asks Administration For Its Thoughts On Cablevision Remote DVR And Copyright</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090113/0023013388.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090113/0023013388.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ There was a tremendously important copyright ruling in August of last year, concerning whether or not it was copyright infringement for Cablevision to run a <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080804/1218551884.shtml">remote DVR</a> for its subscribers.  The whole lawsuit (and the resulting decision) shows just how screwed up copyright law has become, and how every new generation of technologies requires twisting and patching copyright laws to have them make any sense at all (this is a problem, not a feature).  In this case, everyone agrees that a DVR in your own home to time shift programs is perfectly legal.  Cablevision is offering the same thing, but instead of the DVR being in your home, it's hosted in a Cablevision central location somewhere.  However, pretty much everything else is the same.
<br /><br />
Not so, say the TV networks and film studios, who claim that since the devices are on Cablevision's premises, now it's suddenly a copyright violation -- even if the person at home is the one pushing the button.  It defies common sense to think that the identical action (clicking a button on a remote to record or watch an earlier recorded program) with an identical result (you can watch the program at your leisure) should differ in terms of its legality based on whether or not the box holding the content is in your living room or in Cablevision's warehouse.  Yet, that's exactly how the studios and networks have read copyright law -- and a lower court originally agreed.  The appeals court overturned the ruling, but even reading the decision, you get the feeling that they were twisting and turning to figure out a way to have copyright law actually make sense in this scenario.  
<br /><br />
The key question, which could impact <i>numerous</i> other innovative content services, concerns whether or not the "fleeting" copy that's made by Cablevision in the process of delivering the content to the end user is, in fact, an unauthorized copy.  The appeals court said no (correctly from a common sense standpoint), but it had to tap dance around what the law and previous cases said to reach that decision.  Not surprisingly, the networks and studios have appealed to the Supreme Court, and what happens next could be quite important in determining what's legal for plenty of other online services in the future.
<br /><br />
While the Supreme Court has not yet decided whether or not it will hear the case, <a href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2009/01/cablevision-and.html" target="_new">it has requested input from the Solicitor General</a> on whether or not the SG believes that Cablevision is infringing on copyrights.  When I read the LA Times piece, I wasn't sure <i>which</i> administration they meant, but Wired makes it clear <a href="http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2009/01/us-high-court-a.html" target="_new">it's the incoming one</a>, and notes the conflict since the movie studios are represented by the same firm that <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090105/1744183292.shtml">Tom Perrelli</a> came from.  Perrelli, of course, is an Obama nominee for the justice department (and a former lawyer for the entertainment industry).  Of course, it's not clear he'd have anything to do with the brief, as it would be for the Solicitor General -- and Obama has <a href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=526054">picked Harvard Law dean Elena Kagan</a>, who among other things has been involved with Harvard's Berkman Center, and was instrumental in recruiting Larry Lessig back to Harvard from Stanford just a few months ago.  Either way, while the case seems to focus on a fairly mundane aspect of copyright law, the eventual result could be quite important.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090113/0023013388.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090113/0023013388.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090113/0023013388.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>but...-which-administration?</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Mon, 4 Aug 2008 12:37:44 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Cablevision Remote DVR Doesn't Infringe; Decision Shows How New Tech Twists Copyright</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080804/1218551884.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080804/1218551884.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ As TiVo and other DVRs became increasingly popular, various cable companies realized it probably made sense to offer similar features themselves.  While some started selling home DVRs, a few realized that perhaps they could short-circuit around this by offering a remote, centrally-managed DVR instead.  Time Warner was one of the <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20030309/2334229.shtml">first</a> to announce such a project -- but almost immediately, the other half of Time Warner (the content guys) freaked out, and Time Warner's eventual <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20041223/1247217.shtml">offering</a> was neutered of any really useful feature. 
<br /><br />
Basically, the various broadcasters are still freaked out about the idea of time shifting and commercial skipping -- even though both are perfectly legal.  However, that won't stop them from doing whatever possible to stop such innovations from coming to market.  So, two years ago, when Cablevision also decided to create its <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20060327/0214224.shtml">own</a> remote DVR solution, various TV networks <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20060410/0839223.shtml">sued</a> to stop it.  Even though the actual offering was almost entirely identical to a perfectly legal TiVo, a district court ruled that Cablevision's remote DVR system <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20070323/155214.shtml">infringed copyrights</a>.  This, by the way, highlighted how the entertainment industry <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20060518/0251200.shtml">lied</a> when it insisted it would never use copyright law to stop a new consumer electronics offering from coming to market.
<br /><br />
The good news, today, however, is that an appeals court <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSN0448712120080804?feedType=RSS&#038;feedName=technologyNews" target="_new">has reversed the decision</a> and sent it back to the lower court -- effectively pointing out that if using a DVR at home is legal, it's difficult to see how using a DVR that is based at your cable provider is any less legal.  However, if you read the full ruling, you'll get a sense of just how ridiculous copyright law has become today, and how it is not at all equipped to handle modern technology:
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As you read through that decision, you'll certainly see the points that Rasmus Fleischer <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080609/1950311357.shtml">highlighted</a> earlier this year, when he pointed out how silly it was to distinguish between where something is stored, and whether it's accessed locally or remotely.  However, copyright law is simply not set up at all to handle this simple fact, and tries to make silly distinctions between where copies are made, how stuff is transmitted and what counts as a performance and what doesn't.  That leads to all sorts of twisted logic, which resulted in the initial ruling -- and the order overturning it and sending it back to the lower court (while the right decision) is equally twisted in spots.  Basically, if there's anything to get out of this ruling, it's that copyright law is simply not equipped to handle the internet.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080804/1218551884.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080804/1218551884.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080804/1218551884.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>copyright-law-is-a-mess</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Wed, 11 Jun 2008 20:26:22 PDT</pubDate>
<title>How Would You DVR-Proof TV Shows?</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080611/0344041376.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080611/0344041376.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ <a href="http://battleredblog.com/">Aaron  deOliveira</a> writes in to point us to the not-particularly-surprising news that <a href="http://sports.aol.com/fanhouse/2008/06/10/nbc-sunday-night-football-americas-most-dvr-proof-tv-show/" target="_new">Sunday Night Football is the least DVR'd show on television</a>, with only 1% of viewers watching it on a DVR.  It's not surprising, mainly because it's a live sporting event, and there's added value in knowing what happens as soon as it happens, and being a part of the broader experience of a live sporting event.  However, Aaron also posits a second idea why certain television shows might be somewhat "DVR-proof," noting that certain shows that have a cultural following have a "watercooler effect" that makes people want to watch it as soon as it airs to make sure they can take part in the conversation the next day.  Effectively, those shows, whether "live" or not, have <i>extra value</i> in being watched live (or close to live).  Of course, making sure your show is watercooler conversation material isn't always so easy.
<br /><br />
Then again... perhaps the answer is that you shouldn't <i>want</i> to DVR-proof your TV shows.  A separate study is finding that DVRs can actually help <a href="http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2008-06-10-time-shifting-tv_N.htm">increase viewership</a> of television programming, since it allows people to have the show fit their own schedule.  This shouldn't actually be a surprise -- but to network execs who fear time shifting, it's an important concept to repeat.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080611/0344041376.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080611/0344041376.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080611/0344041376.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>quick-patent-the-idea...</slash:department>
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