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<title>Techdirt. Stories filed under &quot;amateurs&quot;</title>
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<pubDate>Fri, 19 Apr 2013 16:30:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>It's Not About Whether Amateur Internet Journalism Is Good Or Bad, But That It Happens And Will Continue To Happen</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130419/15484422771/its-not-about-whether-amateur-internet-journalism-is-good-bad-that-it-happens-will-continue-to-happen.shtml</link>
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<description><![CDATA[ There's been a lot of hand-wringing among the types of people who hand-wring about these things, that there was a flurry of activity on Reddit and Twitter late last night / early this morning believing that one of the suspects in the Boston Bombings was Sunil Tripathi, a Brown student who went missing last month (and, for what it's worth, when people thought it was him, folks from 4Chan started complaining that they had done the real sleuthing, and were pissed off that Reddit got the credit -- but, now that it turned out to be wrong, 4Chan seems happy to let Reddit take the heat).  Alexis Madrigal has <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/04/it-wasnt-sunil-tripathi-the-anatomy-of-a-misinformation-disaster/275155/" target="_blank">the basics</a> of the story, which has allowed the usual crew of folks who hate the concept of "citizen journalism" or whatever it's called today to whine about how awful "Reddit" journalism is.  Defender of legacy newspapers, Ryan Chittum, seemed particularly gleeful in <a href="http://www.cjr.org/the_audit/on_a_wild_night_of_news_a_rema.php" target="_blank">calling out that Reddit "fails again,"</a> and saying that the mainstream media did it right.
<br /><br />
Except, that's ridiculous.  Mathew Ingram points out that <a href="http://paidcontent.org/2013/04/19/reddit-boston-journalism-gets-better-when-more-people-are-doing-it/" target="_blank">people attacking Reddit for this are missing the point</a>, which is true by a wide, wide margin.  First of all, as he notes, mainstream news folks also got parts of the story wrong.  As we noted yesterday, the mainstream TV folks <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130418/08282522750/major-medias-fine-job-confusing-everyone-about-boston-suspects.shtml">got a hell of a lot wrong</a>.  Hell, the NY Post even <a href="http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2013/04/19/the-disgrace-that-is-the-new-york-post-ctd/" target="_blank">put the wrong two guys</a> on the cover and falsely claimed that the feds were seeking them.
<br /><br />
But the bigger problem is this idea that it's "Reddit" or, as some people have argued) <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/backpack-brothers-an-example-of-the-drawbacks-to-internet-sleuthing/2013/04/18/8c0ea9fa-a852-11e2-b8ad-87b8baf4531b_story.html" target="_blank">"the internet"</a> <b>against</b> the legacy media.  That's not true at all.  Everyone made mistakes during the rapidly changing story, but only on Reddit did you actually see the details of <i>the process</i>.  The legacy news organizations present things as if coming from a place of authority, while Reddit is like an open newsroom where anyone can jump in.  The conversation about Tripathi, for example, was about whether or not Suspect #2 was him -- it wasn't based on a declaration that it absolutely was him.  Furthermore, when you look at the reason <i>why</i> the story actually spread, it was after some more known "press" names retweeted the initial tweet from Greg Hughes, which claimed (incorrectly) that Tripathi's name went out on the police scanner (ironically, he posted that about a minute after posting "This is the Internet's test of 'be right, not first' with the reporting of this story").
<br /><br />
But here's the real issue: people can fret about all of this, but it doesn't change one thing: <b>this is going to happen and continue to happen</b>.  People are naturally curious and they're going to talk to people when there's a news story going on and they'll try to figure things out.  That happens all the time <i>in newsrooms</i> already before stuff goes on the air or is officially published.  It's just that the public doesn't see the process.  On Reddit, or anywhere else that the public can converse, it does happen in public.  The problem is to assume the two things are the same.  Furthermore, it's even more insane to blame "Reddit" or "the internet" as if those are singular entities that anyone has control over.  They're not.  As Karl Bode noted, they're just <a href="https://twitter.com/KarlBode/status/325318238189809664" target="_blank">massive crowds of people</a>.
<br /><br />
An even better point was made by Charles Luzar, who noted that <a href="http://www.twitlonger.com/show/n_1rjrt1g" target="_blank">"the crowd doesn't implicitly profess its empirical correctness like the media does,"</a> but rather admits quite openly that it's a process in action.  Further, he notes that even if the crowd presents false information before finding factual information, that's still "effective crowdsourcing" and, if anything, provides a greater role to the media to be effective curators of the actual facts.
<br /><br />
In the end, it seems likely that this incident will actually <i>help</i> a lot the next time there's a big breaking news story, because (hopefully) it will give people more reason to be at least somewhat skeptical of stories coming out, but it's not going to change the fact that groups on various platforms are going to talk about things, and often try to do a little sleuthing themselves.  Sometimes they'll get it right, and sometimes they won't -- just the same as many others.  It seems like a much better focus looking forward is in providing more training and tools to help the world be better at it.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130419/15484422771/its-not-about-whether-amateur-internet-journalism-is-good-bad-that-it-happens-will-continue-to-happen.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130419/15484422771/its-not-about-whether-amateur-internet-journalism-is-good-bad-that-it-happens-will-continue-to-happen.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130419/15484422771/its-not-about-whether-amateur-internet-journalism-is-good-bad-that-it-happens-will-continue-to-happen.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>look-forward,-not-back</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Tue, 24 Jul 2012 00:03:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Sweded Movies: The Fans Talk Back</title>
<dc:creator>Glyn Moody</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120720/08221119776/sweded-movies-fans-talk-back.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120720/08221119776/sweded-movies-fans-talk-back.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ <p>One of the defining characteristics of the digital world -- and one of the problems for copyright law, which was conceived in an analog age --  is the importance of being able to build on the work of others not just indirectly, but directly, through mashups or the re-use of existing material.  <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/profile.php?u=rudeholm">Stig Rudeholm</a> points us to <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2012/jul/05/sweded-movies-end-of-hollywood">a fascinating feature in the Guardian about "sweded movies"</a>: home-made tributes to Hollywood titles that adopt precisely this approach of creative re-interpretation.  The name apparently comes from the film "Be Kind Rewind", where DIY imitations of studio favorites are passed off as Swedish editions.
</p><p>
As the article's author, Ben Walters, writes, beyond the surface humor, there's something interesting happening here:

<i><blockquote>sweded movies are a form of talking back to Hollywood. Along with recut trailers and "supercuts" of familiar tropes, they represent a fledgling digital moving-image culture that presents a radical challenge to the mainstream movie industry. They are created as fun for fans but the ideas of entitlement and agency underpinning these videos will shape how we all consume -- and produce -- moving images in the 21st century. They are a taste of what comes after Hollywood.</blockquote></i>

He gives some examples of that "talking back":

<i><blockquote>see, for instance, the video <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJlbPXZEpRE">The Star Wars That I Used to Know</a>, which combines anti-Lucas sentiment with Gotye's music. The same sense of media-savvy pushback is evident in trailers that reconfigure <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfout_rgPSA">The Shining as a family comedy</a> or <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U71P5FKFqfg">Mrs Doubtfire as a stalker horror</a>; and in supercuts that point out <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4uv0eD5Ufg">how much Julianne Moore likes to cry</a> or <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jRhgNp-fNc">how often the word "fuck" is used in The Big Lebowski</a>.</blockquote></i>

What's striking about these, he suggests, is the lack of traditional deference to Hollywood and its highly-paid artists.  Films are no longer immaculate creations that can be looked at but not touched; instead, cinema has become a store of images, sounds and symbols to be constantly reshuffled, re-used and reshaped in new works of sweded art, offering yet another example of lowered barriers to creativity brought about by low-cost digital technology.
</p><p>
Follow me @glynmoody on <a href="http://twitter.com/glynmoody">Twitter</a> or <a href="http://identi.ca/glynmoody">identi.ca</a>, and on <a href="https://plus.google.com/100647702320088380533">Google+</a></p><br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120720/08221119776/sweded-movies-fans-talk-back.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120720/08221119776/sweded-movies-fans-talk-back.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120720/08221119776/sweded-movies-fans-talk-back.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>losing-control</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Thu, 9 Feb 2012 09:47:24 PST</pubDate>
<title>Beware Of Those Who Claim They're 'Saving The Culture Business' When They're Really Protecting Those Who Strip Artists Of Rights</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120201/00433217612/beware-those-who-claim-theyre-saving-culture-business-when-theyre-really-protecting-those-who-strip-artists-rights.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120201/00433217612/beware-those-who-claim-theyre-saving-culture-business-when-theyre-really-protecting-those-who-strip-artists-rights.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ We've talked a few times about the ridiculously unsupported and unsupportable claim by Robert Levine that the "tech industry" (by which he means "Google") is somehow <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111102/03201316590/what-happens-when-you-get-two-internet-haters-together-interview-that-kills-brain-cells.shtml">destroying culture</a> by "free riding" on content.  There are so many things wrong with this argument that it would take an entire book to debunk them one by one.  But, as we've recently shown, the culture business <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/skyisrising">isn't dying at all</a> -- instead, it's been growing quite nicely over the past decade.  So what's going on?  Lateef Mtima, from the Institute for Intellectual Property and Social Justice at Howard University does a nice job <a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/115958040764540124496/posts/Zb1k9feAmCP" target="_blank">dismantling Levine's argument</a> by showing that what Levine is arguing isn't about "saving the cultural busness," it's about saving a few giant media conglomerates who used to be the gatekeepers to culture (often at the expense of artists -- especially minority artists), and pretending that without those companies, there wouldn't be much culture.  As Mtima notes, this is, ultimately, an incredibly elitist position:
<blockquote><i>
Culture is not something reserved to an elite. No particular business or set of businesses and no particular business model should be protected from the winds of innovation and change in the name of preserving culture. A people&#8217;s culture is just that -- the people&#8217;s culture.... 
</i></blockquote>
And this is really a key point.  The few companies that Levine is looking to save <i>are not</i> the deciders and arbiters of culture, no matter how much Levine wants them to be.  In fact, they're often the companies who are really cheapening culture themselves and <i>stripping</i> the rights from the artists themselves, signing them to ridiculously one-sided contracts that are almost criminal in how they strip artists of their own rights and toss them out on the street for the profit of a few business fat cats.
<blockquote><i>
Initially Levine presents his book on the pending doom of American culture as an appeal really done on behalf of the financial interests of artists, writers, and musicians. (One might be forgiven for skepticism and for asking where was/is Levine on the issue of IP corporate establishment exploitation of African American and other marginalized artists who have been pillaged by those entities for more than a century.) 
<br /><br />
Of course &#8220;protecting struggling artists&#8221; is only the cover story. Levine actually knows what many other Americans realize&#8211;that most artists are trapped in contractual peonage with their corporate distributers and that they often retain no property interests capable of being ravaged by third-party pirates. 
</i></blockquote>
It really is quite a disgusting, paternalistic, almost antebellum argument: that these poor artists need some big conglomerate to come "rescue them," take control of their rights, in order to produce "the culture business."  The reality is quite different of course.  What's happening every day out here, in the real world, is that new companies -- often from the "tech industry" that Levine insists is killing off his heroes at the major labels and studios -- are providing the tools for amazing new cultural works to be produced, distributed, promoted, shared and monetized.  Witness the <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/blog/casestudies/articles/20120110/03263517361/kickstarter-helped-raise-nearly-100-million-2011-there-are-no-new-business-models.shtml">great success</a> of companies like Kickstarter, and the fact that they're doing it <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120201/00543817615/kickstarter-becomes-darling-sundance-financing-lots-movies-without-movie-studio-arrogance.shtml">without typical Hollywood smarminess</a>.
<br /><br />
But the real cultural elitism from Levine shows through in his disdain for the kinds of amazing culture produced all the time outside of the circles of the gatekeepers.  
<blockquote><i>
Levine utterly ignores creative and impactful and socially desirable user-generated material <a href="http://www.eutimes.net/2011/11/occupy-protest-cop-becomes-an-internet-craze-after-pepper-spraying/" target="_blank">such as the insertion</a> into a picture of Seurat&#8217;s &#8220;A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte&#8221; a still from the video of a policeman nonchalantly pepper spraying demonstrators engaging in the Occupy movement. Such works make statements and connect people culturally in ways Levine apparently does not value and would stop....
<br /><br />
.... The constitutional grant of power to Congress to regulate copyrights and patents explicitly states that the purpose of such laws is to benefit the public. Innovation is to insure progress for everyone, not merely wealth for a few.   The Internet may indeed be destroying the culture business, or at least some of it in its entrenched form, but it is not destroying culture. <b>Intellectual property law is not designed to be, never has been intended to be, and must not be allowed to become the footservant of moneyed erstwhile overlords</b>.
</i></blockquote>
Levine's argument, in the end, comes down to a somewhat sickening assertion that without the Universal Musics of the world, artists wouldn't be able to produce their cultural works.  It's that poor artists need big corporations to mold and shape their cultural creations, or such culture won't exist. To both the public and many artists, that argument isn't just laughable, it's insulting.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120201/00433217612/beware-those-who-claim-theyre-saving-culture-business-when-theyre-really-protecting-those-who-strip-artists-rights.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120201/00433217612/beware-those-who-claim-theyre-saving-culture-business-when-theyre-really-protecting-those-who-strip-artists-rights.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120201/00433217612/beware-those-who-claim-theyre-saving-culture-business-when-theyre-really-protecting-those-who-strip-artists-rights.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>'culture-business'-ain't-culture</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Wed, 8 Feb 2012 09:55:21 PST</pubDate>
<title>The Rise Of The 'Professional Amateur' And The Fall Of Gated, Exclusionary 'Clubs'</title>
<dc:creator>Tim Cushing</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120201/09311617622/rise-professional-amateur-fall-gated-exclusionary-clubs.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120201/09311617622/rise-professional-amateur-fall-gated-exclusionary-clubs.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ As the gatekeepers continue to see their carefully constructed walls crumbling, they have rushed to shore up the walls using any means at their disposal, whether it's legislation, lawsuits or simple exclusion. But those within the gates aren't much happier, despite the limitations imposed by the gatekeepers, and many are just as resistant to change as the legacy industries they work in. <br /><br /> Tadhg Kelly at GamesBrief has delivered an excellent post <a href="http://www.gamesbrief.com/2012/01/why-pro-amateurs-are-the-future/" target="_blank">explaining why it's so hard for the creators still working within the confines of these industries to embrace the future</a>:
<blockquote>
<i>Creative industries tend to be like clubs. You can get into the club in many ways, but all of them are equally difficult. You've put the time in, done the training, had the lucky breaks, struggled and finally made it. Once you are actually in the club then life is easier. You have a name, you are a part of a network and you work with a lot of the same people year in year out. Members rarely fall out of the club entirely...</i> <br /><br /> <i>We are pros. We are "in". And we are aware that there are so many more people who are not "in" that would like to be.</i> <br /><br /> <i>Perhaps they have an overly-romantic notion of what it's like but that's just how it is. All creative fields, from modern art through to advertising have that lustre because people like the idea of making things for a living.</i>
</blockquote>
That last sentence is key. Even as the limitations and drawbacks of yoking your creative output to a major label or a large publishing house become more apparent, the lure remains nearly as strong, simply because for a long period of time, these legacy industries were the best option. But now they're not, and this threatens those still working within the system.
<blockquote>
<i>[P]art of being "in" is the sense that the club can't get too big, and for many the internet is actually pushing to make the club smaller. Book publishers, for example, no longer offer much in the way of advances. Long-tail services like Netflix and Spotify have such huge libraries that every new artist is competing not just with their peers, but their antecedents also. Distribution may rise but prices fall.</i> <br /><br /> <i>They feel squeezed by piracy. Though they dislike it, many who are "in" quietly believe that they have to keep many more people "out" in order to hold on to what remains. I don't mean executives etc. I mean established writers, musicians, game makers and so on. We live in a curious age where the freest of thinkers (artists of various stripes) are the ones that want to curtail freedom the most.</i>
</blockquote>
The pressure to control the internet isn't simply studio execs and big content lobbyists. The pressure is also exerted by those on the inside, who aren't happy to see huge shifts in the gameplan or new blood being introduced. But even worse, they can't tell whether the gates are protecting them or trapping them.
<blockquote>
<i>Those who are "in" also feel squeezed by something else: Democratisation of tools. It's bad enough that they have to deal with a loss of revenue, but a reduction of difficulty in getting into the club threatens to increase its size many times over. The future is a world awash with low-rent ebooks, GarageBand music and GameMaker-developed games. Quality will collapse, and there will be no future for the professional any more.</i>
</blockquote>
This opinion is expressed quite often during discussions about legacy industries, that if the barriers are low enough, everyone's going to jump the fence and water down the creative field. To those in the club, it looks hopeless: set adrift in a sea of low-talent amateurs whose willingness to undercut the competition with massive amounts of cheap/free goods. <br /><br /> But they fail to see the upside to the removal of barriers:
<blockquote>
<i>In the startup world, the reduction of barriers is a great boon. You can, for example, assemble a small team and go create a tool that will change the world. As an individual you can create a blog that causes conversations and change. You can develop a game, make music, start a design agency, and all you need is a laptop.</i>
</blockquote>
With the barriers to entry removed, the stage is set for a new breed of creators: the professional amateur.
<blockquote>
<i>It's not amateur in the sense of a lack of diligence, nor is it professional in the sense of those who are "in". The forces of technology distribution and cheap or free tools creates a space for talent to do what talent wants to do. It creates a class of pro-amateur makers.</i> <br /><br /> <i>A pro-amateur perhaps works on a project as a side-line to her day-job but she treats it seriously. Like any struggling writer, there is the work and the need to pay the rent. The difference is that the pro-amateur then takes her work and distributes it directly. She creates a book, an album, a TV series and just puts it out there. It only really costs her time to do it, and if it works it works. If not, she does something else.</i>
</blockquote>
As has always been the case, making money in the creative world is hard. Most people cannot afford to do it as their only source of income. This isn't a new problem, although many of those on the inside of the "club" tend to portray it as such. But this new hybrid form of creator will be able to do things they can't, thanks to platforms and tools they embrace, rather than distrust.
<blockquote>
<i>The magic of the internet is therefore this: It substitutes time spent getting into the club with time spent finding fans. Expertise with experience. Legitimacy with audience. Jargon with generosity. And for those with the talent to do it well come the rewards because niche audiences that blossom into tribes exist for almost anything you can think of.</i>
</blockquote>
To coin a phrase (ha!), Connect with Fans and give them a Reason to Buy.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120201/09311617622/rise-professional-amateur-fall-gated-exclusionary-clubs.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120201/09311617622/rise-professional-amateur-fall-gated-exclusionary-clubs.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120201/09311617622/rise-professional-amateur-fall-gated-exclusionary-clubs.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>the-internet-is-the-ultimate-siege-engine</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:14:47 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Professional Photographers Find Massively Successful New Careers Helping Amateurs Be Better Photographers</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/blog/casestudies/articles/20110423/00195014009/professional-photographers-find-massively-successful-new-careers-helping-amateurs-be-better-photographers.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/blog/casestudies/articles/20110423/00195014009/professional-photographers-find-massively-successful-new-careers-helping-amateurs-be-better-photographers.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ One of the most vocal groups of folks we've seen, when it comes to resisting the changing market dynamics brought about by digital technologies and the internet, is not the music or movie industries... but photographers.  We've seen photographers compare microstock photo sites to <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091124/0318437068.shtml">pollution and drug dealing</a> in terms of the "harm" that they can do.  We've seen photographers complain that <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100330/0343498785.shtml">amateurs are destroying the market</a>.  Certainly, not all professional photographers are like this -- and we've heard from plenty who are doing cool and unique <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090324/2112524245.shtml">business models</a> as well.  <a href="http://www.twitter.com/rhh" target="_blank">Rob Hyndman</a> pointed us to an interesting story at Slate, that discusses a few professional photographers who have found massive success (much more than they had before) by <a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2291603/pagenum/all/" target="_blank"><i>helping</i> those nasty amateurs become much better in the craft of photography</a>:
<blockquote><i>
At first glance, David Hobby looks like just another casualty of the decline of print media: A longtime staff photographer for the Baltimore Sun, he was one of many employees who accepted a buyout in 2008 as part of broad staff reductions at the distressed newspaper. 
<br /><br />
Yet last month he embarked on a sold-out, cross-country <a href="http://www.theflashbus.com/" target="_blank">tour</a> that will visit 29 cities. Approximately $1 million in tickets have been sold for the privilege of hearing Hobby and famed magazine photographer Joe McNally speak about their craft. Hobby's blog, <a href="http://strobist.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Strobist</a>, on which he teaches amateurs the lighting techniques used by professionals, welcomed 2 million unique visitors last year.
</i></blockquote>
Those two photographers totally have the right attitude.  Rather than looking at the changing market and crying about how they can't make money the way they used to, they both see these changes as an opportunity, which is allowing them to do quite well, from the sound of things.  The attitude that McNally has is really perfect:
<blockquote><i>
McNally doesn't see anything demeaning in sharing his insights with thousands of amateurs; rather, he says he's come to enjoy teaching. <b>"If you encounter passion, you have to counter it with your own passion,"</b> he says. "Even if, at the end of the day, you feel they're not going to go out the next day and climb the <a href="http://www.joemcnally.com/blog/2009/05/26/getting-high/" target="_blank">Empire State Building.</a>" 
<br /><br />
That sentiment is alien to the old guard in the professional photography world, where, Hobby says, <b>"there's a lot of information-hoarding, and [a sense that] if I teach this person how to do this, he'll become my competition."</b> Once the dust settles from all the change he's helped bring about, Hobby thinks there will still be legitimate careers for professional photographers. "You'll have fewer rock stars, and a much larger middle class," he says, a group of photographers who will find ways to distinguish themselves from the rest of the pack.
</i></blockquote>
Those two paragraphs could certainly apply to almost all of the various industries we talk about here.  You can fight change, or you can realize how change often opens up a much larger market, and you can take the same passion you have directly into that new market.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/blog/casestudies/articles/20110423/00195014009/professional-photographers-find-massively-successful-new-careers-helping-amateurs-be-better-photographers.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/blog/casestudies/articles/20110423/00195014009/professional-photographers-find-massively-successful-new-careers-helping-amateurs-be-better-photographers.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/blog/casestudies/articles/20110423/00195014009/professional-photographers-find-massively-successful-new-careers-helping-amateurs-be-better-photographers.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>don't-sit-and-whine</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20110423/00195014009</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Fri, 21 May 2010 13:34:42 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Can We Please Put The 'Amateur Brain Surgeon' Strawman To Rest?</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100517/1022599444.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100517/1022599444.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ For years, the common criticism of Wikipedia was the <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080415/013346850.shtml">"brain surgery" myth</a>, which usually was something along the lines of saying, "you wouldn't let an amateur or 'the crowd' perform brain surgery, so why would you let them create a reference book?"  Of course, that makes a bunch of bogus assumptions.  First, it assumes that there's some sort of equivalence between creating an encyclopedia and doing brain surgery.  But that's silly.  Second, it assumes that no one involved in Wikipedia is an expert, which is not true.  In fact, there are some <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090803/0319225753.shtml">brain surgeons</a> who patrol Wikipedia as well.  Finally, it assumes that these kinds of services are based on everyone being on equal footing, rather than recognizing that well-supported content is what gets through.
<br /><br />
Along those lines, we've now got people using the same bogus "brain surgery" myth to <a href="http://paidcontent.co.uk/article/419-the-oxymoronic-citizen-journalism/" target="_blank">attack the concept of "citizen journalism"</a>:
<blockquote><i>
First, would you trust a citizen neurosurgeon to remove your kid's neuroblastoma? No, you wouldn't. You would not trust a citizen dentist either for your cavities. Or even a people's car repairman. 
</i></blockquote>
Of course not.  But most people seem to recognize the basic difference between reporting on something and cutting into someone's brain.  And, many people also recognize that most reporters themselves are often not experts in the field they're reporting on -- and what participatory journalism and the internet enable is the ability for actual experts on the topic to take part in the discussion and reporting as well.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100517/1022599444.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100517/1022599444.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100517/1022599444.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>please,-make-it-go-away</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20100517/1022599444</wfw:commentRss>
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<item>
<pubDate>Mon, 15 Feb 2010 09:44:00 PST</pubDate>
<title>Digital Britain Minister Insists No One Is Creative If They Don't Earn Money</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100212/1503318154.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100212/1503318154.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Andrew Dubber does a nice job <a href="http://www.andrewdubber.com/2010/02/mark-thomas-talks-sense-about-the-digital-economy-bill/" target="_blank">taking Digital Britain minister Stephen Timms to task</a> for claiming that "If people can't be paid for their creativity, they're going to stop being creative."
<blockquote><i>
On the face of it, that's an incredibly stupid thing to say, and is amazingly offensive to the vast majority of people in the world who are creative amateurs.
<br /><br />
Note: I did not say "the vast amount of creative people in the world who are amateurs", though this would also be true. Most people in the world do creative things for no money. The vast majority of music in the world is made for cultural reasons that are not economic. To suggest that the only reason to be creative is with the expectation of payment is utterly offensive.
<br /><br />
<b>Beyond stupidity</b><br />
But it's not just stupid and offensive -- it's corrupt. It's so manifestly and obviously false that it could not possibly be the considered belief of a rational human being.
<br /><br />
The alternative (and indeed, the only plausible conclusion) is that it's a deliberate falsehood in order to support something that is utterly indefensible when examined with any intellectual honesty.
<br /><br />
It's the direct result of corporate lobbying, it's entirely disingenuous, and it's a bald-faced lie echoed to support the interests of powerful and moneyed multinational organisations.
</i></blockquote>
He goes on to suggest that a statement like that, so revealing in how Timms views the world, should get Timms fired, as he's basically admitting that he's only there to protect corporate interests, rather than actual creativity.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100212/1503318154.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100212/1503318154.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100212/1503318154.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>oh-really,-now?</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20100212/1503318154</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2009 09:47:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Copyright Dispute Leads To NFL Not Scouting College Juniors</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091026/0411426676.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091026/0411426676.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/profile.php?u=brooks">Brooks</a> writes <i>"For once it looks like the NFL isn't the bad guy in an intellectual property dispute, and actually are the ones trying to explain some of the issues with copyright maximalism to colleges.  The problem is that the company who records scouting tapes for eight major conferences <a href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/football/nfl/10/23/xos.nfl/index.html" target="_blank">has convinced colleges that the NFL should pay for the right to use those tapes to scout players</a>, in particular juniors who are trying to decide whether to enter the draft.<br />
<br />
From the NFL's point of view, the junior scouting program exists to help keep kids in school if they're unlikely to succeed in the draft in their junior year (it's certainly in the NFL's interest to have those kids continue to develop their talent for one more year).  The colleges, of course, see the "value" the tapes bring to the NFL and want a piece of that pie.  So far, the NFL seems to be sticking to its guns and basically saying "fine, we just won't scout your players."  The dispute has escalated to the point where some colleges aren't even letting NFL scouts look at tape on campus.<br />
<br />
There's a bit of a sweet good-for-the-gander element to the story, since the NFL has been on the other side of the content value argument pretty much forever.  It does kind of suck, though, that some college juniors will be entering the draft based on overoptimistic expectations.  And it can't be good for a college's football program if it becomes known that it doesn't allow NFL scouting."</i>
<br /><br />
Yes, you read that right.  It seems that the in this era of copyright maximalism, a company is trying to claim copyright on scouting tapes that are helpful to everyone (teams get better scouting info to make decisions, players are more accurately ranked, etc.).  A friend who follows minor league baseball mentioned this week that Major League Baseball just took down its own scouting videos that had been online, so I'm wondering if baseball is now facing a similar problem as well.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091026/0411426676.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091026/0411426676.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091026/0411426676.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>copyright-gone-insane</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20091026/0411426676</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Fri, 9 Oct 2009 18:33:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Cook's Illustrated Editor: I Wish All Those Amateurs Out There Would Just Shut Up</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091009/0149016472.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091009/0149016472.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ <a href="http://www.robhyndman.com/" target="_blank">Rob Hyndman</a> points us to an editorial in the NY Times from the founder of the famous <i>Cook's Illustrated</i> magazine, Christopher Kimball, bemoaning Conde Nast's recent decision <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/08/opinion/08kimball.html?_r=1" target="_new">to shut down the magazine <i>Gourmet</i></a>.  Rather than talking about all sorts of mistakes made by Conde Nast in managing its magazine portfolio, he works out some way to blame people who use Twitter and Google and (gasp!) put their own recipes online and (oh no!) have <i>their own</i> feeble-minded opinions:
<blockquote><i>
The shuttering of Gourmet reminds us that in a click-or-die advertising marketplace, one ruled by a million instant pundits, where an anonymous Twitter comment might be seen to pack more resonance and useful content than an article that reflects a lifetime of experience, experts are not created from the top down but from the bottom up. They can no longer be coronated; their voices have to be deemed essential to the lives of their customers. That leaves, I think, little room for the thoughtful, considered editorial with which Gourmet delighted its readers for almost seven decades.
<br /><br />
To survive, those of us who believe that inexperience rarely leads to wisdom need to swim against the tide, better define our brands, prove our worth, ask to be paid for what we do, and refuse to climb aboard this ship of fools, the one where everyone has an equal voice.  Google "broccoli casserole" and make the first recipe you find. I guarantee it will be disappointing. The world needs fewer opinions and more thoughtful expertise -- the kind that comes from real experience, the hard-won blood-on-the-floor kind. I like my reporters, my pilots, my pundits, my doctors, my teachers and my cooking instructors to have graduated from the school of hard knocks.
</i></blockquote>
The thing is, the evidence actually suggests he's wrong.  People who first become interested in such "bottom up" knowledge, often go on to seek out the "thoughtful, considered editorial."  The bottom-up system works because the ease of entry doesn't scare people off, but it also doesn't take long for those who find it compelling to seek out more expertise in the subject.  Refusing to "climb aboard this shop of fools" is a good way to make sure that the snobs you're hoping will come find you never even bother.
<br /><br />
Kimball is correct that he should be better defining his brand and proving his worth -- that's what we've been saying all along.  But you can do that without insulting the riff raff, as well.  You can do that while embracing the "bottom up" process.  You can do that without being a total snob that has no time for the people who actually pay your salary.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091009/0149016472.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091009/0149016472.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091009/0149016472.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>well,-that's-nice</slash:department>
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<pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2009 14:57:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Music Fans And 'Amateur Musicologists' May Impact Coldplay/Satriani Copyright Battle</title>
<dc:creator>Blaise Alleyne</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090512/2027374855.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090512/2027374855.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ In the April 2009 issue of <em>Entertainment Law &amp; Finance</em>, three partners in the Intellectual Property Group at Kilpatrick Stockton LLP <a href="http://www.linexlegal.com/content.php?content_id=88877">take a look at the role that "amateur musicologists" have played</a> thus far in the copyright battle stemming from Satriani's <a href="http://techdirt.com/articles/20081205/1146593034.shtml">lawsuit</a> against Coldplay for copyright infringement back in December. I'll include relevant quotes from the article, since you need to register for a free account in order to read the PDF.
<br/><br/>
<blockquote><em>What makes this case unique is the lively debate that it has prompted, which will likely impact how this action and similar infringement cases will be prosecuted and defended going forward. Within days of the suit's initiation, the popular Web site YouTube was inundated with postings in which fans freely offered their opinions concerning the merits of Satriani's claims (or absence there-of). Some of these submissions were supported by surprisingly detailed analyses of the works.</em></blockquote>

We saw this in the <a href="http://techdirt.com/articles/20081205/1146593034.shtml#comments">comments</a> on Techdirt, as there was a lively debate and people were quick to mention a variety of other songs with the same melody. The article also mentions a Canadian guitar teacher who uploaded <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEGGFJLpbu4">some</a> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJWLfpOecyE">videos</a> to YouTube with a detailed analysis.
<br/><br/>
<blockquote><em>The parties should take note of the prior art works that have surfaced as part of the public debate. Such works could prove to be helpful to Coldplay in defending against Satriani's claims, as they could reflect that Satriani himself may have "unconsciously copied" from an earlier work. </em></blockquote>

This was written before Cat Stevens <a href="http://techdirt.com/articles/20090504/1649054744.shtml">claimed</a> that Coldplay was actually infringing <em>his</em> song, the "Foreigner Suite," which was one of the similar sounding tunes people had noticed online. Anyone monitoring the online discussion about the copyright battle would have had this on their radar. Also, it was Cat Stevens' son who brought the song to his attention, my guess would be as a result of discussion about the similarities online.
<br/><br/>
<blockquote><em>Or [prior art] may simply reflect these oft-quoted words from the Second Circuit: "It must be remembered that, while there are an enormous number of possible permutations of the musical notes of the scale, only a few are pleasing; and much fewer still suit the infantile demands of the popular ear. Recurrence is not therefore an inevitable badge of palgiarism." Darrell v. Joe Morris Music Corp., 113 F.2d 80, 80 (2d Cir. 1940)</em></blockquote>

This quote reinforces the idea that there are only so many ways to <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090118/1543483450.shtml">combine chords</a>.
<br/><br/>
<blockquote><em>What makes the Internet commentary regarding the two songs particularly interesting is that much of it replicates the type of expert analysis that both sides will likely use if the case goes forward. In music copyright infringement cases, it is rare for parties to rely solely on bare assertions of copying or independent creation. Instead, they frequently engage "musicology" experts to undertake detailed analyses of every element of alleged similarity between the two works and conclude whether all or portions of one work were copied from the other. The parties and their experts in [this case] should consider the analyses of the "amateur musicologists" that have weighed in via the Internet and other media, if for no other reason than they may be informative of how a jury might ultimately view the case...
<br/><br/>
While Satriani v. Martin may not go to trial for a variety of reasons, it is clear that user-generated content sites like YouTube have the potential to alter the way music cases -- and other types of copyright case -- are developed. Because advances in technology allow the public to participate in real-time infringement debate, future parties would do well to monitor this "chatter" as it could uncover evidence and theories that may be helpful to the case of the copyright owner, the alleged infringer or both.</em></blockquote>

The online discussion is largely what has made this case so unique. There have been successful copyright infringement lawsuits over melodies in the past (most notably <em>Bright Tunes v. Harrisongs</em>), but never has the public been able to participate so much in the debate. I think it's likely that Cat Stevens' son wouldn't have known of the similarity between the melodies if not for all of the other people who noticed and highlighted it online. If the case does go to trial, the internet commentary may influence the strategy on both sides and serve as a preview of the arguments. If it doesn't go to trial, the online discussion may influence any sort of negotiation as a means of assessing opinion on the merits of the infringement claim.
<br/><br/>
The melodies are undoubtedly similar, but the legal question is whether or not Coldplay copied from Satriani. It's not just Coldplay's word against Satriani's, but music fans and "amateur musicologists" are gathering evidence and providing theories which are having a noticeable impact on the proceedings.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090512/2027374855.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090512/2027374855.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090512/2027374855.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>here-comes-everyone,-entertainment-law-edition</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20090512/2027374855</wfw:commentRss>
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<item>
<pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2009 12:39:45 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Did You Know That The Web Is A Plot By A Bunch Of California Cultists To Destroy Your Life? The Sunday Times Tells Me So...</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090518/0140424918.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090518/0140424918.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ It really is bizarre that nearly every handwaving critique of how "evil" the internet is, from the point of view of elitists who worry about the loss of the old gatekeepers, seems to make every single mistake it accuses the "internet generation" of making.  For example, it's difficult to catalog just how many things Bryan Appleyard gets factually wrong in his Sunday Times piece all about how <a href="http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article6301123.ece" target="_new">evil the internet is</a> and how it was designed by a bunch of California cultists who are trying to destroy all that is good in the world.  What's amazing, for such an elitist article that claims that professionals do news better and that the internet is destroying the ability for the press to do journalism properly, is that he would make a factual error in almost every sentence.  It's really stunning, actually.
<br /><br />
Late in the piece he notes that "this article -- it always happens -- will be sneered at all over the web by people who cannot think for themselves because they are blindly faithful to the idea that the web is the future, all of it."  Ok, fine.  Let's not sneer, and let's actually think for ourselves... and how about we correct some of Mr. Appleyard's errors -- just for the fun of it?
<blockquote><i>
The web is in trouble. Last week craigslist, a vast classified-ads site, had to abandon its "erotic services" category because of claims that it was an "online brothel" being used by sexual predators.
</i></blockquote>
Oops.  Wrong.  First of all, it didn't "have" to do anything.  The law (section 230 of the CDA for Mr. Appleyard, and if he wants the relevant cases we can point those out too -- though, this is the sort of stuff we thought the professionals were supposed to look up themselves) is quite clear that Craigslist is protected and it didn't have to do anything.  It <i>chose</i> to make a change to the way it handled such ads, but Mr. Appleyard even gets the facts wrong there, in claiming it "abandoned" the category.  It did not.  It simply moved it to a new area called "adult services," which now has its ads pre-monitored as opposed to post-monitored as before.
<blockquote><i>
And in France L'Oreal discovered eBay could not be forced to stop selling cheap knock-offs of its products. 
</i></blockquote>
Oops.  Wrong.  A French court <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090513/1231204874.shtml">ruled</a> that eBay was not liable for <i>users</i> selling counterfeit L'Oreal goods (the same way US and Belgian courts have ruled as well).  It's not <i>eBay</i> selling the goods.  eBay is just the tool and the platform.  It's users who sell to each other.  And they are still breaking the law.  All the court case said was that L'Oreal should have to go after those individuals, rather than forcing eBay to do so.  This is common sense, in the same way that we ticket the driver of a speeding car, rather than Ford for making a car that can speed.
<blockquote><i>
After British villages rose up against the intrusion of Google's Street View, Greece has banned the mobile camera cars that put pictures of people's homes and streets on the internet
</i></blockquote>
Oops. Wrong. While British villagers who didn't quite understand how Street View worked got quite upset about it -- that part is true -- their protest went nowhere.  The UK's privacy watchdog actually took the time to understand what Google was doing (something Appleyard apparently did not) and <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090427/0040574655.shtml">said it was fine</a>.  As for Greece, it did not ban the camera cars.  It simply <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090513/0909444866.shtml">put the project on hold</a> while it gets more info.  That seems like a rather pertinent detail.  Oh, and the wonderful professional mainstream media that Appleyard is such a big fan of?  It <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090324/2046174242.shtml">reposted</a> all the embarrassing images that Google took down.  So, Google was quick to remove those images, but it was the professional media that actually got them attention.  Based on Appelyard's reasoning above, concerning both Craigslist and the L'Oreal/eBay case, the mainstream press is actually guilty of intruding on people's privacy. 
<blockquote><i>
Privacy campaigners fear the power of Google and the online ad company Phorm to gather and exploit personal information. They invade your computer, monitor your web-browsing and buying, check where you are and then bombard you with targeted hard sells.
</i></blockquote>
Oops.  Wrong.  While there are some fears (some more reasonable than others) about Phorm and Google, to lump the two together is quite misleading.  The two companies are amazingly different in how they work -- and it's a bit of a stretch to claim that either "gathers and exploits" <i>personal info</i>, though we'll grant that for the time being.  The thing that neither of them do, however, is "bombard you with targeted hard sells."  In fact, whether you like what either company is doing, the whole point of their targeted advertising is to offer up <i>soft sells</i> that are more likely to get attention, rather than hard sells.
<br /><br />
Those are the first two paragraphs alone.  From there, he charges that a group of Californians created Web 2.0 as a "cult," in partnership with Google, who somehow proactively monitors everything you do (ignoring, of course, the fact that you have to actually use Google's services for it to monitor anything).  Then he complains that free stuff is available online, along with the standard complaints about how he doesn't like social networks and he hates the fact that many people use the web to shop?  Why?  That's not really explained.  The best he can come up with is quoting some guy who insists the internet is a passing fad:
<blockquote><i>
"The internet", says David Edgerton, professor of the history of technology at Imperial College London and author of The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History since 1900, "is rather passe . . . It's just a means of communication, like television, radio or newspapers."
</i></blockquote>
The evidence for this?  Well, that's shaky and non-existent.  The evidence against it?  Well, I'd say there's a ton.  But we'll just start with the obvious one: television, radio and newspapers were all broadcast forms of communication -- one to many.  The internet is many to many (and one to one, and one to many).  To claim that it's basically the same is like claiming that automobiles are just faster horses.
<blockquote><i>
One great promise of web 2.0 was that it would lead to a post-industrial world in which everything was dematerialised into a shimmer of electrons. But last year's oil price shock and this year's recession, not to mention every year's looming eco-catastrophe, show that we are still utterly dependent on the heavy things of the old economy.
</i></blockquote>
This is just great.  Appleyard claims what "the promise" of web 2.0 is, without any citation to back that up.  I don't know anyone who ever claimed that the point of "web 2.0" was to "dematerialize" everything into electrons.  In fact, many of us have focused on how physical things still matter quite a bit.  But, if you're trying to set up the creators of modern web services as evil cultists, you may as well set up a total straw man about what they're trying to do.  Because, we all know that the "professional press" never makes stuff up like all those crazy amateurs do.
<blockquote><i>
So what, if not everything, will the web change? The key feature of web 2.0 that is currently driving change is its intense focus on the individual.
</i></blockquote>
That's funny.  I could have sworn we were just reading about how the backers of the web were trying to make everything "communal" with all this sharing and "amateur empowerment" and such.  And now we're told that web 2.0 is about individualism?  Wasn't Appleyard just sneering at all those <i>community</i> sites like Facebook and Twitter -- which are the very opposite of an intense focus on the individual?
<blockquote><i>
Blogging, tweeting and Facebooking all give the individual the unprecedented opportunity to blather to the entire world. 
</i></blockquote>
Wait, so communicating with others is all about individualism?  I'm confused...
<blockquote><i>
The first objection to this is that it destroys institutions and structures that can do so much more than the individual.
</i></blockquote>
What is this "it" that destroys institutions and structures that can do so much for the individual?  Web 2.0?  How is "it" destroying anything?  "It" is not doing anything at all.  However, managers of those institutions who failed to adapt to a new marketplace (and, in the case of newspapers bet the farm on raising way more money than they could ever pay back) certainly had a lot to do with destroying institutions.  But, do we see any analysis of that?  Of course not.
<blockquote><i>
The Wall Street Journal carried an analysis that is still the best thing I have seen on the subject. But the story needed half a dozen qualified financial journalists to put it together, and masses of research that no lonely blogger could possibly do . . . This throws into relief the intractable fact that the liberty which the web offers to the individual voice is also a restriction on group effort.
</i></blockquote>
Fair enough.  Though, I'll say that by far the best analysis I got of the financial crisis came from a series of different blogs (mainly by economists) that understood the issue at a far deeper level than anything I read in the Wall Street Journal.  And, the great thing was that many of them did work together.  They used those awful "individualistic" tools like blogging, Twitter and Facebook to connect and talk and come out with a much more interesting analysis.
<blockquote><i>
Institutions -- publishers, newspapers, museums, universities, schools -- exist precisely because they can do more than individuals. If web 2.0 flattens everything to the level of whim and self-actualisation, then it will have done more harm than good. 
</i></blockquote>
I'm still quite confused by this odd, and totally unsupported theory, that web 2.0 somehow breaks everything down to the individual.  In fact, most of us have seen the opposite.  The rise of useful communication tools actually make it much easier to create those sorts of necessary institutions on the fly, in a way that's a lot more flexible, meaningful, relevant and useful than the old stodgy organizational structures of the past.
<blockquote><i>
A further objection to the cult's radical individualism is that it doesn't have the intended hyper-democratic consequences. Wikipedia, for example, has tackled inaccuracy and subversion by introducing forms of authority and control that would seem to be anathema to its founding ideals.
</i></blockquote>
Note that Appleyard does not explain what those "founding ideals" are, or how the minor changes to the system over time go against them or somehow prove "radical individualism" (which is still something Appleyard seems to have made up whole cloth) to be wrong.
<blockquote><i>
Bloggery is forming itself into big, institutionalised aggregators such as The Huffington Post and The Daily Beast, and remains utterly parasitic on the mainstream media it affects to despise. 
</i></blockquote>
Um... wait.  Weren't we just being told a single paragraph ago that blogs were the antithesis of institutions?  I mean... it was right there.  And now, suddenly, blogs are evil because they're institutions?  I'm confused again.  And I'm curious how sending sites more traffic is "parasitic," but we've discussed this before.
<blockquote><i>
Even Twitter is already coming to be dominated by conventional, non-web-based celebrity -- Oprah Winfrey in the US and Stephen Fry over here. 
</i></blockquote>
<i>Dominated</i>.  Mr. Appleyard, you don't have to follow them.  I follow neither Oprah nor Fry, and Twitter works just great.  I see no domination.
<blockquote><i>
The slightly more sinister aspect of this is that excessive individualism leads with astonishing rapidity to slavish conformity. The banking crisis may not have been caused by the internet but it was certainly fuelled by the way connectivity and speed created a market in which everybody was gripped by the hysteria of the herd.
</i></blockquote>
Now there's a new one.  This one comes just three paragraphs after Appleyard tells us that the WSJ had a great analysis of why the financial crisis happened -- though, it appears Appleyard didn't bother to read it.  Nor has he apparently read any history of bubbles or mass hysteria.  The market crash of 1929?  Mass hysteria.  Must have been caused by the internet.  I'm sure the Dutch tulip craze was caused by the same.  There couldn't have been any herd mentality-based bubbles prior to the internet, could there?  I'm sure the Sunday Times has a big professional research department (you know, the sort of institutional resources that individualistic bloggers can't afford).  Perhaps next time, Appleyard should try using it.
<blockquote><i>
Or there is the weird phenomenon of flash mobs. People agree by text message or tweet to assemble in one place and, suddenly, do so. This was originally intended as a joke or art piece designed to demonstrate sheep-like conformity, but it rapidly became an aspect of cultish libertarianism. It doesn't work. Flash mobs in Russia are simply prevented by cutting off mobile-phone coverage. Old-world politics is more powerful than the web. 
</i></blockquote>
Wait, because Russian police cut off mobile phone coverage to stop a flash mob, the whole concept of flash mobs is dead?  Again, I'm having trouble seeing how that makes any sense.
<blockquote><i>
And, finally, the everything-free, massively deflationary effects of the web may be over. Rupert Murdoch, head of The Sunday Times's parent company, has said he is thinking of charging for online versions of his papers. The hard fact that somebody, somehow, has to pay for all this is breaking into web heaven. 
</i></blockquote>
I like how just the fact that Murdoch is thinking about charging for the news means that the "deflationary effects of the web may be over."  Got any data to back that up?  Or doesn't the professional press do that sort of thing?  Finally, we've already dispensed with the myth that the news isn't paid for.  You would think that such a professional would know that subscriptions have almost never paid for the news.  Far be it from us, the mere individualistic, cultish amateurs, to actually look at the actual data and point out that subscriptions have almost never even covered the cost of printing and delivery.  Journalism has always been paid for by advertising, and just because the content is free online, it doesn't mean that it hasn't been paid for.
<br /><br />
I doubt Mr. Appleyard will read this.  After all, the web is full of such dangers, and any attempt to correct his factual errors is obviously coming from just another individualistic cultist who cannot think for himself.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090518/0140424918.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090518/0140424918.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090518/0140424918.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>uh-what-now?</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20090518/0140424918</wfw:commentRss>
</item>
<item>
<pubDate>Mon, 2 Feb 2009 20:35:00 PST</pubDate>
<title>Most Popular Superbowl Ad Created By Amateurs</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090202/1108103610.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090202/1108103610.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ For the past few years, there's been something of a backlash against the idea of "amateur" content production.  Folks like Andrew Keen and Nick Carr have taken to mocking such efforts and insisting that professionals are basically all there is worth trusting.  And... then... Doritos holds a "Crash the Superbowl" contest where amateurs are invited to submit commercials, out of which the top 5 are to be aired during the Superbowl.  Not only did Doritos get nearly <a href="http://www.crashthesuperbowl.com/#/gallery/browse/random/">2,000 submissions</a>, one of the ads was <a href="http://www.usatoday.com/money/advertising/admeter/2009admeter.htm?loc=interstitialskip" target="_new">found to be the most popular ad according to USA Today's Ad Meter</a>, beating out the traditional kings of the Superbowl advertising business, Anheuser Busch (and winning its creators a $1 million prize).  The point, which is repeatedly missed by the elitists who claim only professionals can make content is that, even if <i>most</i> of the content made by amateurs sucks, the ability for almost anyone to create content means that those who <i>can</i> do quite well, even as amateurs, now have the ability to do so.  The end result is that amidst plenty of bad content, there's also an awful lot of great content that never would have been produced otherwise.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090202/1108103610.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090202/1108103610.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20090202/1108103610.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>funny-how-that-works</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20090202/1108103610</wfw:commentRss>
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<item>
<pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2008 07:33:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Andrew Keen Predicts The End Of Gardening And Pickup Basketball</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20081029/0148342677.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20081029/0148342677.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ So I already wrote about Andrew Keen's ridiculously laughable assertion that the economic downturn would spell <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20081022/1815032619.shtml">the end</a> of all unpaid activity online -- such as blogging, contributing to Wikipedia and developing open source software.  The whole thing was so laughable, I asked Keen to put some money behind some of his predictions, though to date I have not heard from him.  I'm guessing this means he really does not believe what he writes.
<br /><br />
However, I have to bring this up again, because Jesse Walker over at Reason Magazine does such an amazing job <a href="http://www.reason.com/blog/show/129696.html" target="_new">demonstrating the basic logic fallacy in Keen's thinking</a> that it's too good not to repeat:
<blockquote><i>
Andrew Keen predicts an end to backyard gardens, playground basketball, basement jam sessions, amateur painting, and open mic nights for the duration of the economic hard times, because "the idea of free labor will suddenly become profoundly unpalatable to someone faced with their house being repossessed or their kids going hungry."
<br /><br />
Oh, wait. Hold on. He only predicts an end to unpaid-but-pleasurable labor on the Internet
</i></blockquote>
No one ever does anything that doesn't result in immediately getting paid, apparently.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20081029/0148342677.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20081029/0148342677.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20081029/0148342677.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>if-it's-not-paid,-it's-not-worth-doing</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20081029/0148342677</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Thu, 23 Oct 2008 12:45:35 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Andrew Keen: Put Some Money Behind Your Predictions?</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20081022/1815032619.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20081022/1815032619.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Andrew Keen, of course, is a guy who has written a laughably bad book about how only experts like himself should be able write things, because all those "amateurs" get stuff wrong.  There are some who believe that Keen's entire personality is <a href="http://www.lessig.org/blog/2007/05/keens_the_cult_of_the_amateur.html">satire</a>, because everything he accuses "amateurs" of doing, he does himself.  He gets many facts wrong in his book.  His writing is amateurish at best.  His interpretations are laughable.  He relies on incredibly weak reasoning -- all of which are things he insists that amteurs do, but pros such as himself don't do, because they have editors and such.  The most amusing, of course, may be his condemnation of Larry Lessig, whose position he gets almost 100% factually incorrect. 
<br /><br />
So far, I have yet to read anything by Keen that isn't easily torn apart as laughably false, which reinforces the idea that everything he writes is satire.  His latest piece, pointed out by <a href="http://news.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=08/10/22/1354207&#038;from=rss">Slashdot</a>, is no exception.  In it, Keen announces that the current financial crisis will <a href="http://www.internetevolution.com/author.asp?section_id=556&#038;doc_id=166342&#038;" target="_new">put an end to open source and "free" business models</a> because the crisis will mean that people actually have to make money.
<br /><br />
Spot the rather obvious logical fallacy?  The one even your sixth grader could point out?  Right.  Keen has set up a totally bogus strawman, that "open source" and "free" mean you don't make any money.  As anyone who actually looks at the details knows, <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20081022/0235122616.shtml">that's simply not true</a>.  Keen is so blinded by the word "free" he misses the fact that when people discuss the use of "free" as a part of a business model, they're talking about using it to make money.  Instead, he seems to assume that "free" is the end of the discussion.
<blockquote><i>
"One of the very few positive consequences of the current financial miasma will be a sharp cultural shift in our attitude toward the economic value of our labor. Mass unemployment and a deep economic recession comprise the most effective antidote to the utopian ideals of open-source radicals."
</i></blockquote>
Funny, but part of the reason why all of those "user generated content" businesses took off in the first place was that after the dot com bubble burst, people had a lot of spare time on their hands.  So they were <i>more</i> willing to contribute and take part in these things.  Keen also seems to not realize that much of that user generated work and open source efforts are not about "utopian ideals" but <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20081013/0118202528.shtml">very practical reasons</a> that involve non-monetary benefits.  People contribute to open source software not because they're idealistic, but because it helps them elsewhere.  People blog and post videos on YouTube not because they're idealistic, but because they get value out of doing so.
<blockquote><i>
The altruistic ideal of giving away one's labor for free appeared credible in the fat summer of the Web 2.0 boom when social-media startups hung from trees, Facebook was valued at $15 billion, and VCs queued up to fund revenue-less "businesses" like Twitter. But as we contemplate the world post-bailout, when economic reality once again bites, only Silicon Valley's wealthiest technologists can even consider the luxury of donating their labor to the latest fashionable, online, open-source project. 
</i></blockquote>
You know, I remember another business that had absolutely no business model right after the last bubble burst, even though venture capitalists had dumped $25 million into it at a very high valuation (which many -- including myself -- thought was ridiculous).  That company became Google.  According to Keen, that couldn't have happened, because who would ever invest in a company with no business model?  Does Keen have no sense of history?
<i><blockquote>
"I'm pretty sure, if not certain, that the idea of free labor will suddenly become profoundly unpalatable to someone faced with their house being repossessed or their kids going hungry. Being paid to work is intuitive to the human condition; it represents our most elemental sense of justice."
</blockquote></i>
Again, that's not what happened during the last downturn, but why let facts get in the way?  Also, this is still based on the false premise that there's no actual benefit for people and that they're only doing things for "utopian" ideals.  That's simply untrue.  If contributing to an open source project helps get you a well-paying job, is that utopian?  If building an open source tool helps you jump start a different business, is that utopian?  If blogging, Twittering or posting videos to YouTube helps you communicate cheaper, faster and better than other tools, is that utopian?  Hardly.  But Keen seems unable to consider these possibilities.
<blockquote><i>
"So how will today's brutal economic climate change the Web 2.0 "free" economy? It will result in the rise of online media businesses that reward their contributors with cash.
</i></blockquote>
Well, I certainly hope so, since we hand out plenty of cash to contributors at <a href="https://www.insightcommunity.com/">The Insight Community</a>, but I still think Keen is wrong here.  He again is dismissing or purposely ignoring the non-monetary value that people get.  Let's look at his "winners" list:
<blockquote><i>
"It will mean the success of Knol over Wikipedia, Mahalo over Google, TheAtlantic.com over the HuffingtonPost.com, iTunes over MySpace, Hulu over YouTube Inc. , Playboy.com over Voyeurweb.com, TechCrunch over the blogosphere, CNN's professional journalism over CNN's iReporter citizen-journalism.
</i></blockquote>
Well, first off, some of those aren't actually competitors, so it seems rather unfair to suggest that's the case.  However, I'd like to make a bet.  While there are different estimates as to how long any recession might be, the general consensus is that we should hopefully start pulling out by the end of 2009 or early 2010.  So, let's pick a few of these that we can measure, and I'll bet Andrew Keen $100 (really money, Andrew) that in two years, on October 22, 2010, Wikipedia still gets more traffic than Knol, that Google is still much, much, much bigger than Mahalo (if they're even considered competitors any more), and that YouTube gets more traffic than Hulu. 
<br /><br />
If any one of those is untrue, I'll write him a check.  As for the other comparisons he makes, they don't seem to be particularly reasonable comparisons, so I don't see how to fairly evaluate how one wins over the other.   TechCrunch is a part of the blogosphere, so how does that make sense?  In fact, TechCrunch came out of the same "utopian" ideals that Keen dismisses.  Michael Arrington started it for fun, with no plans to turn it into a business, but that's what it became.  I thought Keen thought that wasn't possible?  iReporter doesn't compete with CNN's professional news staff -- they work together.  iTunes doesn't compete with MySpace -- they're in totally different businesses.
<br /><br />
So, let's put some real money on this, Andrew.  Or does Andrew Keen not really believe what he writes?<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20081022/1815032619.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20081022/1815032619.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20081022/1815032619.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>who-actually-listens-to-this-guy</slash:department>
<wfw:commentRss>http://www.techdirt.com/comment_rss.php?sid=20081022/1815032619</wfw:commentRss>
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<pubDate>Thu, 12 Jun 2008 09:17:00 PDT</pubDate>
<title>Rewriting Copyright History, The Elitist Way: Compare File Sharers To 9/11 Terrorists</title>
<dc:creator>Mike Masnick</dc:creator>
<link>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080610/0259341363.shtml</link>
<guid>http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080610/0259341363.shtml</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ When we first <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080527/1716281240.shtml">debunked</a> Hank Williams' problematic attack on Mike Arrington for suggesting, reasonably, that copyright law had reached the point that it needed a serious rethink, someone told me that Hank Williams is trying to become "the next Andrew Keen."  Keen, of course, wrote a book last year about how the internet is somehow destroying culture, with the basic thesis being that "culture" is defined only as professionally produced content.  Effectively, his argument was that non-professionally produced content simply can't be good, so by competing with professionally produced content, all that amateur content was somehow damaging professional content.  The logical errors in this thesis are pretty easy to spot, but we'll just mention the obvious one: if professional content is so much better than amateur content, what does it have to fear from amateur content?  In fact, Keen's whole thesis is so ridiculous, and the book praising the reliability and accuracy of "professional" media is so riddled with errors, distorted truths and outright falsehoods, that some have suggested (credibly) that Keen is merely <a href="http://www.lessig.org/blog/2007/05/keens_the_cult_of_the_amateur.html">satire</a>.  Everything that Keen claims is bad about amateur media, he does -- repeatedly.
<br /><br />
Either way, it appears that he's a bit jealous of Hank Williams taking up his role in these debates, as he's finally chimed in on Arrington's original piece, just a few weeks late.  Keen's take is <a href="http://www.internetevolution.com/author.asp?section_id=556&#038;doc_id=155800" target="_new">so filled with errors</a> that it definitely seems to support the "satire" theory -- and for now we're going to go with that theory, and assume it's the case.  But, for a few howlers in the piece, try these on for size:
<blockquote><i>
"Arrington's stance, of course, epitomizes the permissive attitude about intellectual property that has already destroyed the music business and is now threatening to kill the holy trinity that includes Hollywood, the television industry, and the book trade."
</i></blockquote>
This would be the music industry that is seeing every single aspect of its business on the upswing (other than the sale of plastic discs)?  This would be Hollywood that had its best year ever in 2007?  Ah, right.  Destroyed, huh?  This is "professional" content at work.
<blockquote><i>
In 1999, when Napster first assaulted the recorded music industry with its peer-to-peer technology, we heard similarly open-minded nonsense from Web 1.0 moguls like MP3.com founder Michael Robertson and Public Enemy's Chuck D. Almost 10 years later, the catastrophic consequences of Napster's mass piracy are all too tragically evident. In 1997, global recorded music sales were $45 billion. By next year, it is estimated that they will have fallen to around $23 billion -- an almost 50 percent drop in sales in a little more than a single decade. 
</i></blockquote>
This is classic Keen.  Total misdirection in how you define the market and selective quoting of facts.  You see, markets for obsolete products shrink, but the overall market is not shrinking.  It's like the analyst reports that whined about the market for "PDAs" shrinking just as smartphones were taking over.  Did we say that smartphones destroyed the market for PDAs or did we just recognize that the market evolved?  Keen leaves out the fact that concert revenue is at record highs.  He leaves out the fact that more people today are making music than ever before in history, and more people are able to listen to more music than ever before in history.  By any real measure, it would appear the <i>music</i> industry is thriving, even if the obsolete part (selling recordings) is fading.
<br /><br />
And, then, there's Keen's coup de grace, comparing those who want to listen to music to the 9/11 terrorists in a sentence riddled with errors:
<blockquote><i>
"The truth, of course, is that the theft of digital content is no more "natural" than holding up little old ladies on street-corners or crashing civilian airliners into tall buildings. And it's the responsibility of thought-leaders like Arrington to use their privileged positions to educate the innocent about the evils of digital thievery."
</i></blockquote>
<ul>
<li>Error 1: Calling infringement "theft."</li>
<li>Error 2: Saying that it's irresponsible for someone who notices that the majority of the population is breaking a law to suggest that perhaps it's time to rethink that law.</li>
<li>Error 3: Suggesting actions done by the majority of the population is the equivalent of the 9/11 hijackers.</li>
<li>Error 4: Saying that any "thought-leader" has a "responsibility" to take a particular stand</li>
<li>Error 5: Saying that infringement is a problem of "innocents" run wild.</li>
<li>Error 6: Putting a moral angle ("evil") on an issue that is merely one of business models</li>
</ul>
So many errors in just such a short quote.  You'd never see that from a professional writer... oh wait.
<br /><br />
We'll finish it off one more howler:
<blockquote><i>
By stating his opposition to criminalizing "natural behavior," Arrington is not only legitimizing online theft, but he is also undermining the credibility of entertainment companies, such as Hulu or  Blinkbox that have invested major resources into building entirely legal Web businesses.  Defending YouTube's flagrant disregard for intellectual property laws is tantamount to justifying criminal behavior....
</i></blockquote>
Ah, you see, in Keen's satirical world, companies like Hulu and Blinkbox that offer up professionally produced content deserve to have their business models protected by the government and criminal laws.  But those that support amateur content are criminal enterprises.  The fact that Keen seems unable to grasp the difference between a service provider and a user in terms of criminal liability is the least of the problems here.  The fact that Keen seems unable to grasp the fact that these are merely different business models for distributing content -- and the one he dislikes is winning in the market -- suggests an unwillingness to actually understand what's happening here.
<br /><br />
What it comes down to is that folks like Keen and Williams have decided that there's a certain class of content that "counts," and that's "professional" content.  All other content is a problem -- especially if it interferes with an obsolete business model.  Basically, they've decided that they like one particular (poor and increasingly obsolete) business model for a particular group of companies, and decided that interference with that business model must be <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20071004/163314.shtml">a crime</a> -- even if the end result is exactly the opposite of what they predict (i.e., there's more content being produced today than ever before -- it's just that it's happening using a very different model than the one they like).  Luckily, we live in a world where business models adapt and change, and the companies and pundits unwilling to do so will simply fade away.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080610/0259341363.shtml">Permalink</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080610/0259341363.shtml#comments">Comments</a> | <a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20080610/0259341363.shtml?op=sharethis">Email This Story</a><br />
 ]]></description>
<slash:department>stunning</slash:department>
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